Introduction: The fundamental challenge in dynamic MR imaging is the tradeoff between spatial resolution and temporal resolution. Most traditional dynamic image acquisition methods and associated image reconstruction methods have been based on k-space operations. One acquires a temporal sequence of incomplete k-space sample sets, along with one (or two) complete reference datasets, and then emp...

Monitoring systems for the laser keyhole welding process of aluminium Tailor Welded Blanks, are in many cases vital to ensure a certain weld quality. Especially process visualization with camera based systems gives a lot of insight. Although for steel it has already been demonstrated that images can be obtained in real-time from the laser welding process using these cameras based on silicon chi...

A precise knowledge of the myocardial fiber architecture is essential to accurately understand and interpret cardiac electrical and mechanical functions. Diffusion tensor imaging has been used to noninvasively and quantitatively characterize myocardial fiber orientations. However, because the approach necessitates diffusion to be measured in multiple encoding directions and frequently at multip...

In hybrid laser–MIG keyhole welding, anti-crack elements can be added into the weld pool through a filler metal in anticipation of compensating mass loss, preventing porosity formation and improving compositional and mechanical properties of the welds. Understanding the mixing and diffusion of the filler metal in the molten pool is vital to achieve these desired objectives. In this study, mathe...

OBJECTIVE To review our surgical experience in minimally invasive transcranial endoscope-assisted microsurgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms, using the supraorbital keyhole craniotomy. METHODS The supraorbital keyhole approach was performed through an eyebrow skin incision in 793 cases for treatment of 989 intracranial aneurysms. Of patients, 474 were operated on after subarachnoid hem...

OBJECTIVE A superciliary keyhole approach is an attractive, minimally invasive surgical technique, yet the procedure is limited due to a small cranial opening. Nonetheless, an unruptured supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm can be an optimal surgical target of a superciliary approach as it is located in the center of the surgical view and field. Therefore, this study evaluated th...

It has been predicted theoretically that for some environments, the capacity of wireless MIMO systems can become very low even for uncorrelated signals; this effect has been termed keyhole or pinhole. In this paper the first measurements of this effect are presented. The measurements were performed in a controlled indoor environment that was designed to create a keyhole effect. We analyze limit...

BACKGROUND Keyhole craniotomies are increasingly being used for lesions of the skull base. Here we review our recent experience with these approaches for resection of intracranial meningiomas. METHODS Clinical and operative data were gathered on all patients treated with keyhole approaches by the senior author from January 2012 to June 2013. Thirty-one meningiomas were resected in 27 patients...

Food high in energy but low in nutritional value is an important contributor to several serious illnesses, and one type of food that is particularly high in energy but low in nutrition is food consumed away from home. In this paper, we examine the demand and willingness to pay for healthy, Keyhole-labelled meals. A Keyhole-labelled meal is particularly low in energy, fat, sugar and salt, but pa...

Sex differences in immune function are well established among laboratory rodents, with males typically having lower immunity than females. This sex difference may reflect the suppressive effects of testosterone on immune function. Because polygynous males generally have higher circulating testosterone concentrations than monogamous males, sex differences in immune function are hypothesized to b...