Bid-prices are becoming an increasingly popular method for controlling the sale of inventory in revenue management applications. In this form of control, threshold—or ‘‘bid’’—prices are set for the resources or units of inventory (seats on flight legs, hotel rooms on specific dates, etc.) and a product (a seat in a fare class on an itinerary or room for a sequence of dates) is sold only if the ...

BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) requires arrhythmogenic changes in atrial ion channels/receptors and usually altered atrial structure. AF is commonly treated with antiarrhythmic drugs; the most effective block many ion channels/receptors. Modest efficacy, intolerance, and safety concerns limit current antiarrhythmic drugs. We hypothesized that combining agents with multiple anti-AF mechanis...

BACKGROUND Delayed-release dimethyl fumarate (DMF) demonstrated strong efficacy and a favorable benefit-risk profile for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in phase 3 DEFINE/CONFIRM studies. ENDORSE is an ongoing long-term extension of DEFINE/CONFIRM. OBJECTIVE We report efficacy and safety results of a 5-year interim analysis of ENDORSE (2 years DEFINE/CONFIRM; minim...

BACKGROUND It has been suggested that mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists have direct cardioprotective properties, because these drugs reduce mortality in patients with heart failure. In murine models of myocardial infarction, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists reduce infarct size. Using gene deletion and pharmacological approaches, it has been shown that extracellular formation of the e...

BACKGROUND Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) are recommended for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Glycopyrrolate/eFlow® is an investigational drug-device combination of the LAMA glycopyrrolate administered by an eFlow® Closed System (eFlow® CS) nebulizer. The GOLDEN 2 (NCT01706536) and GOLDEN 6 (NCT02038829) Phase II, multicenter studies were conducted to ...

In mitochondrion-dependent type II apoptosis, BH3-interacting domain death agonist (BID) and BCL-2-associated X protein (BAX) promote death ligand and receptor-mediated cell death. In porcine ovaries, the levels of BID and BAX increase in follicular granulosa cells during atresia. In the present study, to confirm the pro-apoptotic activity of BID and BAX in granulosa cells, we examined the effe...

Although secret sharing techniques have been applied to implement secure electronic sealed-bid auction for a long time, problems and attacks still exist in secret-sharing-based electronic sealed-bid auction schemes. In this paper, a new secret-sharing-based first-bid e-auction scheme is designed to achieve satisfactory properties and efficiency. Correctness and fairness of the new auction are b...

Efficient general secure multiparty computation (MPC) protocols were previously proposed, and the combination with the efficient auction circuits achieves the efficient sealed-bid auctions with the full privacy and correctness. However, the combination requires that each bidder submits ciphertexts of bits representing his bid, and their zeroknowledge proofs. This cost amounts to about 80 multi-...

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of motoneurons in the spinal cord, brainstem and motor cortex. Mutations in the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene represent a frequent genetic determinant and recapitulate a disease phenotype similar to ALS when expressed in mice. Previous studies using SOD1(G93A) transgenic mice have suggested a...

Let I be the set of distinct items to be sold in a combinatorial auction, and let N = | I |. The terms auction set and auction size refer to I and N, respectively. Bidders can place bids on any item set, which refers to any non-empty subset of I. A bid b can be represented by the tuple b = (S, v, id). Here S denotes the item set the bid was placed on (∅ ⊂ S ⊆ I), also called the span of the bid...