The compulsory use of seat belts for drivers and front seat passengers was introduced to the United Kingdom in 1983. In 1991 legislation was extended to include rear seat adult passengers in cars where a seat belt was fitted. This protects rear seat passengers from ejection from the vehicle, and prevents them from becoming a hazardous projectile to front seat passengers in the event of a collis...

The structural geometry, kinematics and density structure along the rear of the offshore Taiwan accretionary prism were studied using seismic reflection profiling and gravity modeling. Deformation between the offshore prism and forearc basin at the point of incipient collision, and southward into the region of subduction, has been interpreted as a tectonic wedge, similar to those observed along...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this research is to describe the leading circumstances of military vehicle crashes to guide prioritization and implementation of crash avoidance and/or warning technologies. METHODS A descriptive study using narrative text analysis on 3,944 military vehicle crash narratives. Crash data on drivers, from 2001 to 2006, were assembled from the U.S. Army Combat Readines...

Overtaking a cyclist on two-lane rural road with oncoming traffic is challenging task for any driver. Failing this can lead to severe injuries or even death because of the potentially high impact speed in possible collision. To avoid rear-end collision cyclist, drivers need make timely and accurate decision about whether steer overtake brake let pass first. If delayed, instance driver distracte...

OBJECTIVES To study and quantify the effects of rear-end collision on the lumbar spine. DESIGN The lumbar spine of a cadaver was instrumented with rosette strain gauges applied on the lateral and anterior surfaces of T12, L2, and L4. Biaxial accelerometers were mounted on L1, L3, and L5. The cadaver was seated, restrained, and subjected to rear impacts of 5g and 8g. RESULTS The anterior she...

STUDY DESIGN Twenty young, healthy volunteers in a laboratory were subjected to rear-end impacts 4.4, 7.9, 10.9, and 13.1 m/s acceleration with head rotation to right and left. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the response of the cervical muscles to increasing low-velocity rear impacts when the head is rotated at the time of impact. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA A previous...

STUDY DESIGN Twenty healthy volunteers in a laboratory were subjected to rear-end impacts 4.4, 7.9, 10.9, and 13.1 m/s acceleration, with head rotation to the right and left. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the response of the cervical muscles to increasing low-velocity rear impacts when the head is rotated at the time of impact. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA A previous st...