it is necessary to consider the impact of demand uncertainty to model the comprehensive approach for supply chain network design. this paper presents four echelons, multiple commodity, and strategic–tactical model for designing supply chain network. uncertain demand, transportation mode selection with lead time configuration has been considered. a numerical example has been implemented to verif...

The aim of this work is to provide a novel understanding pseudoelasticity mechanisms in an FeMnSi-based shape memory alloy and utilize the identified parameters control enhance mechanical behavior alloy. was processed by employing caliber rolling equivalent strain 0.25 at room temperature. Various heat treatments from 530 1000 °C were applied study microstructural evolution during short-term po...

in this research, a method for determining feeding buffer sizes in critical chain project scheduling is introduced. the method integrates project characteristics into the formulation as well as environment project risk. resource tightness, environment risk and network morphology incorporate into the formulation. the method is tested and compared to three commonly suggested methods in the litera...

One of the strategic decisions that can be made in supply chain is designing its network which has high impact on costs, and satisfaction level of customers. This paper focuses on designing a distribution network including determining the number and location of facilities, how to allocate the customers in network, and also determining the extent of carrying different products from different ori...

This paper describes the main results obtained from a detailed experimental investigation into dislocation and twinned structures that develop in dual phase (DP) steel sheets. In particular, morphology defect-structures present DP 1180 having 55% ferrite 45% martensite, were examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Microstructure of as-received consists twin-free martensite form l...

closed-loop supply chain network design is a critical issue due to its impact on both economic and environmental performances of the supply chain. in this paper, we address the problem of designing a multi-echelon, multi-product and capacitated closed-loop supply chain network. first, a mixed-integer linear programming formulation is developed to maximize the total profit. the main contribution...

Neural network predictions suggested that the strength of a high strength steel weldmetal with 7 wt-% nickel and 0.5 wt-% manganese could be increased significantly at moderate expense to impact toughness by additions of carbon. Based on this, three experimental weldmetals were produced with carbon contents between 0.03 and 0.11 wt-%. Mechanical test results were in agreement with predictions. ...