BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES We sought to validate the family medicine shelf examination by determining whether correlations exist between the US Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) family medicine final examination (FMF) scores and the USMLE Step 1 or Step 2 scores. We also evaluated for correlations between the family medicine clinical evaluation scores (CES), final clerkship grades, and all o...

Objectives. The aim of this study was to test the effects of collagen external scaffold (CES) in intimal hyperplasia of vein grafts and explore its underlying mechanisms. Methods. Thirty-six New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into no-graft group, graft group, and CES group. The rabbit arteriovenous graft model was established. In CES group, the vein graft was wrapped around with CES. The...

Cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) is being prescribed for service members and veterans for the treatment of anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), insomnia and depression. The purpose of this study was to examine service members' and veterans' perceptions of the effectiveness and safety of CES treatment. Service members and veterans (N=1,514) who had obtained a CES device through...

Carboxylesterase (CES) is important for detoxification of a wide range of drugs and xenobiotics and catalyzes cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism. Cynomolgus macaques are widely used in drug metabolism studies; however, cynomolgus CES has not been fully investigated at molecular levels, partly due to the lack of gene information. In this study, we isolated and characterized cDNAs for CES homo...