We present a technique for automatically generatingcommutativity conditions from (abstract-level) data-structurespecifications. We observe that one can pose the commutativityquestion in a way that does not introduce additional quantifiers,via a mechanized lifting of a (potentially partial) specificationto an equivalent total specification. We then describe an al-gorithm ...

Conditional Asian options are recent market innovations, which offer cheaper and longdated alternatives to regular Asian options. In contrast with payoffs from regular Asian options which are based on average asset prices, the payoffs from conditional Asian options are determined only by average prices above certain threshold. Due to the limited inclusion of prices, conditional Asian options fu...

Lipedema is a condition characterized by swelling and enlargement of the lower limbs due to abnormal deposition of subcutaneous fat. Lipedema is an under-recognized condition, often misdiagnosed as lymphedema or dismissed as simple obesity. We present a series of pedigrees and propose that lipedema is a genetic condition with either X-linked dominant inheritance or more likely, autosomal domina...

In a traditional approach to program verification, the correctness of each procedure of a given program is encoded as a logical formula called the verification condition. It is then up to a theorem prover, like an automatic SMT solver, to analyze the verification condition in the attempt to either establish the validity of the formula (thus proving the correct correct) or find counterexamples (...

This paper describes testing of rule conditions and execution of rule actions in the Ariel active DBMS. The Ariel rule system is tightly coupled with query and update processing. Ariel rules can have conditions based on a mix of patterns , events, and transitions. For testing rule conditions, Ariel makes use of a discrimination network composed of a special data structure for testing single-rel...

In this paper we study the stability of finite difference approximations to initial-boundary hyperbolic systems. As is well-known, a proper specification of boundary conditions for such systems is essential for their solutions to be well-defined. We prove a discrete analogue of the above if the numerical boundary conditions are consistent with an inflow part of the problem, they render the over...

We describe the class of games with opacity condition, as an adequate model for security aspects of computing systems. We study their theoretical properties, relate them to reachability perfect information games and exploit this relation to discuss a search approach with heuristics, based on the directing-word problem in automata theory.

Ž . Tumor necrosis factor TNF gained its popularity in the world of biology and medicine in a weird way. In 1985, Old in New York City discovered the presence of a Ž . protein in blood after lipopolysaccharide LPS injection, w x which is able to induce necrosis of some mouse tumors 1 . He called it ‘tumor necrosis factor’, a term actually coined in the 1970s. At the same time and, virtually, on...

This paper is concerned with nonlinear fractional differential equations with the Caputo derivative. Existence results are obtained for terminal value problems and initial value problems with initial conditions at inner points. It is also proved that the sufficient condition in order that a locally closed subset be a viable domain is the tangency condition. As a corollary, the existence of posi...