Background: Food insecurity consistently challenges middle-income countries, including Pakistan. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary food intake of the households in the selected location through a semi-structured questionnaire. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among 500 households comprised 2094 participants to investigate dietary intake and status of food insecu...

High-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) in rodents is associated with hyperleptinemia and resistance to leptin, but the response to agents acting downstream of leptin receptors remains unknown. We assessed the response of mice with DIO to treatment with MTII, an alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analog. MTII delivered four times daily by intraperitoneal injection to C57BL/6J mice produced a dose...

Introduction: It has been proposed that dietary intake is associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). The present case-control study was conducted to investigate the relationship between intake of different food groups and occurrence of MS among the recently diagnosed adult patients in Yazd City, Iran. Materials and Methods: In the current study, a group of 45 patients who have recently been diag...

Three Mayan Indian towns in the highlands of Guatemala were selected for a field research project by the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP). As part of the exploratory phase of the project a dietary survey was made in each of the three towns, and was repeated every year for 4 years in order to compile detailed information on the food consumption of preschool children. ...

C1q/TNF-related protein 13 (CTRP13), a hormone secreted by adipose tissue (adipokines), helps regulate glucose metabolism in peripheral tissues. We previously reported that CTRP13 expression is increased in obese and hyperphagic leptin-deficient mice, suggesting that it may modulate food intake and body weight. CTRP13 is also expressed in the brain, although its role in modulating whole-body en...

We have previously shown that interleukin-1 (IL-1), a polypeptide known to mediate many aspects of the acute phase response to infection, suppresses food intake when injected intraperitoneally into fasted rats. IL-1 acts at the level of the hypothalamus to induce fever. In view of the large number of peptides that have been shown to alter food intake as well as body temperature when injected in...

The present study evaluated the effects of both intraperitoneal (i.p.) and intracerebroventricular administration of selective Y1 [(Leu , Pro)-NPY] and Y2 [(Pro , Tyr)-NPY (13–36)] receptor agonists on food intake in satiated goldfish. Food intake (FI) was significantly increased by central administration of the Y1 agonist (1 mg), but not by the Y2 agonist, at 2 h postinjection. The feeding inc...

Recently, glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36) amide (GLP-1) and leptin have been implicated in the regulation of food intake. In the present study, we compared the effects of third ventricular administration (i3vt) of leptin (3.5 micrograms) and GLP-1 (10.0 micrograms) on short-term food intake and c-Fos-like immunoreactivity (c-FLI) in hypothalamic, limbic, and hindbrain areas in the rat. Relative ...

Pregnancy in rats is associated with hyperphagia, increased fat deposition, and elevated plasma leptin concentrations. Elevated leptin would be expected to inhibit food intake, but hypothalamic leptin resistance develops around midpregnancy, allowing hyperphagia to be maintained and excess energy to be stored as fat in preparation for future metabolic demands of lactation. To investigate the ho...

Sirt1 has been associated with various effects of calorie restriction, including an increase in lifespan. Here we show in mice that a central regulatory component in energy metabolism, the hypothalamic melanocortin system, is affected by Sirt1, which promotes the activity and connectivity of this system resulting in negative energy balance. In adult mice, the pharmacological inhibition of brain...