endoplasmic reticulum has a critical role in the synthesis and folding of secretory and membrane proteins. high accumulation of proteins in er activates the unfolded protein response and glucose regulated protein 78 or gpr78 plays an essential role in this pathway.  unfolded protein response is activated in cancerous cells due to their adverse condition to survive and it has been shown that grp...

abstract accumulation of gene changes and chromosomal instability in response to cellular dna damage lead to cancer. dna damage induces cell cycle checkpoints pathways. checkpoints regulate dna replication and cell cycle progression, chromatin restructuring, and apoptosis. checkpoint kinase 2 (chk2) is activated in response to dna lesions. atm phosphorylate chk2. the activated chk2 kinase can p...

background: the mammalian ovary is controlled by a number of biological rhythms, which regulate the recruitment and release of mature oocytes. the main objective of this study was to investigate the role of cellular clock proteins during follicle maturation in the mouse estrous ovary. methods: immunohistochemical (ihc) studies were performed on ovaries from 50 estrous staged mice culled at two ...