Thymoma is a type of benign or low-grade malignant tumor, occurring on the thymic epithelium. Patients with thymoma may also suffer from myasthenia gravis (MG), presenting MG-associated thymoma. T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (Tim-3), a subtype of the Tim protein family, may be an important immune regulatory and pivotal molecule associated with tumor development. In order to understan...

BACKGROUND T cell immunoglobulin mucin containing molecule (TIM)-3 is expressed in differentiated Th1 cells and is involved in the suppression of the cytokine production by these cells. However, the regulation of the expression of other T cell genes by TIM-3 is unclear. Herein, we attempted to identify differentially expressed genes in cells abundantly expressing TIM-3 compared to cells with lo...

The immunoregulatory protein T-cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 (Tim-3) mediates T-cell exhaustion and contributes to the suppression of immune responses in both viral infections and tumors. Tim-3 blockade reverses the exhausted phenotype of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in several chronic diseases, including melanoma. Interestingly, natural killer (NK) cells constitutively e...

Sepsis is an exaggerated inflammatory condition response to different microorganisms with high mortality rates and extremely poor prognosis. Natural killer (NK) cells have been reported to be the major producers of IFN-γ and key players in promoting systematic inflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxic shock. T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (Tim)-3 pathway has been demons...

T-cell immunoglobulin mucin (TIM)-3 is an important member of the TIM gene family, which was thought to contribute to the progression of numerous types of cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, the mechanism underlying TIM-3 functions in HCC progression has not yet been extensively investigated. The present study aimed to investigate the function of TIM-3 in the metastasis o...

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection enhances the expression of inhibitory molecules on T cells, leading to T-cell impairment. The signaling pathways underlying the regulation of inhibitory molecules and subsequent onset of T-cell impairment remain elusive. We showed that both autologous and allogeneic T cells exposed to HIV-pulsed dendritic cells (DCs) upregulated cytotoxic T-...

Prior work has shown that the HIV-1 envelope of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) interacts directly with T-cell immunoglobulin mucin (TIM) family proteins. Herein, we demonstrate that HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins from varying HIV-1 clades bind differentially to TIM proteins and functionally similar proteins acting as phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) receptors. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent...