2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA), a purine analog, has become universally accepted as the agent of choice in treating hairy cell leukemia (HCL). However, few studies have reported long-term outcomes after 2-CdA treatment. Between January 1990 and June 2003, 86 consecutive patients with HCL were treated with a single 7-day course of 2-CdA by continuous infusion at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg per day. Of t...

CONTEXT To ensure patient-centered end-of-life care, advance care planning (ACP) must be documented in the medical record and readily retrieved across care settings. OBJECTIVE To describe use of the Care Directives Activity tab (CDA), a single-location feature in the electronic health record for collecting and viewing ACP documentation in inpatient and ambulatory care settings, and to assess ...

PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the mid- to long-term outcomes of cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for the treatment of 1-level or 2-level symptomatic cervical disc disease. METHODS Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched to identify relevant randomized controlled trials that ...

To protect the security and privacy of electronic medical records, it is often necessary to employ a variety of security mechanisms such as encryption, integrity control, authentication, and access control. This paper proposes a framework that extends HL7 Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) documents with markups from XML based security standards, including eXtensible Access Control Markup Lan...

The DNA shuffling technique has been used to generate libraries of evolved enzymes in thermostability. We have shuffled two thermostable cytidine deaminases (CDAs) from Bacillus caldolyticus DSM405 (T53) and B. stearothermophilus IFO12550 (T101). The shuffled CDA library (SH1067 and SH1077 from the first round and SH2426 and SH2429 from the second round) showed various patterns in thermostabili...

BACKGROUND We have previously proposed that, compared with rhinitis alone, the constellation of upper and lower airway allergic disease is a manifestation of a more severe form of a syndrome affecting the entire airway. If this is correct, not only the lower, but also the upper airways of patients with asthma and rhinitis should demonstrate more abnormalities compared with patients with rhiniti...

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) has been widely performed for the treatment of multilevel cervical degenerative disc disease (CDDD). In recent decades, cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) and hybrid surgery (HS) have been developed to overcome the shortcomings of ACDF. Controversy still remains with regard to the optimal surgical procedure for skip-level CDDD.A total of 55 patients ...

This paper builds on previous papers describing our ongoing research in automated market-mechanism design: using a genetic algorithm (GA) to find optimal parameter-settings for softwareagent traders that operate in virtual “e-marketplaces”, where the rules of the marketplaces are also under simultaneous control of the GA. The aim is that the GA automatically designs new agentbased e-marketplace...

Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) is resistant to currently available chemotherapy and has a poor prognosis. We describe here a patient with ATL successfully treated with 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA). A 75-year-old Japanese male with an acute type of ATL, who had become resistant to the initial cytotoxic chemotherapy, was treated with 2-CdA administered by continuous drip infusion of 0.09 ...