INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease leading to joint destruction and disability. Focal bone erosion is due to excess bone resorption of osteoclasts. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) is one of the critical mediators both in inflammatory signal pathway and differentiation and resorption activity of osteoclasts. Here we aimed to invest...

AIMS Pyothorax associated lymphoma (PAL) occurs in a clinical setting of longstanding pyothorax or chronic inflammation of the pleura. Like primary effusion lymphoma, it has an association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and is confined to the pleural cavity, but has differing morphological and phenotypic features. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) has been consistently reported in primary effusion ly...

To the Editor We read with great interest the report of IgG4 levels among patients with Basedow’s disease by Torimoto et al. (1). They reported that high IgG4 levels were observed in 6.9% of patients with Basedow’s disease, and that these patients largely possessed a large thyroid low-echo area. Related to such features, we previously experienced a patient with a very-high IgG4 level with diffu...

Aims—Pyothorax associated lymphoma (PAL) occurs in a clinical setting of longstanding pyothorax or chronic inflammation of the pleura. Like primary eVusion lymphoma, it has an association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and is confined to the pleural cavity, but has differing morphological and phenotypic features. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) has been consistently reported in primary eVusion lymp...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) leads to destruction of cartilage and bone. Whether rheumatoid arthritis also affects the adjacent bone marrow is less clear. In this study, we investigated subcortical bone marrow changes in joints from patients with RA. We describe penetration of the cortical barrier by synovial inflammatory tissue, invasion into the bone marrow cavity and formation of mononuclear ce...

Early B cell development depends upon the surface expression of Ig heavy chain protein (mu) in a signaling complex known as the pre-B cell receptor (pre-BCR). In addition to mu, the pre-BCR consists of the surrogate light chains VpreB and lambda5 and the transmembrane signal transduction proteins Ig-alpha and Ig-beta. Expression of this complex is associated with changes in surface marker expre...

BACKGROUND Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Characterized by its aggressive nature and plasmacytic differentiation, PBL remains a therapeutic and diagnostic challenge; it generally has a poor prognosis with very few long-term survivors and most patients dying within 2 years from initial presentation. PBL has been reported in several other countries; howe...

Mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) with B/T cell type is very rare. A 24-year-old male presented with fever, generalized body ache, cough and breathlessness, bleeding per rectum, epistaxis, and hepatosplenomegaly. His hemoglobin, total leukocyte count, and platelet count were 6.2 g/ dL, 29.06 × 103/μL, and 20 × 103/μL respectively. Peripheral blood smear & bone marrow revealed > 80% blasts t...