Phenylamide-resistant isolates of Phytophthora infestans have gradually become an important part of populations in many countries. However, fungicide mixtures containing a phenylamide component are still an effective strategy for the control of late blight in potato and tomato. The proportion of phenylamide-resistant isolates fluctuates from year to year and within the season. Almost concurrent...

Phytophthora infestans is the most important fungal pathogen in the cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum). Dominant, race-specific resistance alleles and quantitative resistance--the latter being more important for potato breeding--are found in the germplasm of cultivated and wild potato species. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to two races of P. infestans have been mapped in an F...

Plant immune responses to pathogens are often associated with enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), known as the oxidative burst, and with rapid hypersensitive host cell death (the hypersensitive response, HR) at sites of attempted infection. It is generally accepted that the oxidative burst acts as a promotive signal for HR, and that HR is highly correlated with efficient disea...

The recent resurgence of the late blight pathogen, Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, as a major agricultural threat, as well as the associated changes in genetic complexity of this organism, have necessitated careful scrutiny and characterization of populations of P. infestans so that appropriate control methods can be implemented. Several techniques for molecular and genetic characteriza...

Plant pathogens secrete effector proteins to modulate plant immunity and promote host colonization. Plant nucleotide binding leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) immunoreceptors recognize specific pathogen effectors directly or indirectly. Little is known about how NB-LRR proteins recognize effectors of filamentous plant pathogens, such as Phytophthora infestans. AVR2 belongs to a family of 13 sequence...

Author(s): Jorunn I. B. Bos, Miles R. Armstrong,c,1, Eleanor M. Gilroy,1, Petra C. Boevink,1, Ingo Hein,1, Rosalind M. Taylor, Tian Zhendong,f, Stefan Engelhardt, Ramesh R. Vetukuri, Brian Harrower, Christina Dixelius, Glenn Bryan, Ari Sadanandom, Stephen C. Whisson, Sophien Kamoun,2, and Paul R. J. Birch Article Title: Phytophthora infestans effector AVR3a is essential for virulence and manipu...

One of the most serious diseases in potato cultivars is caused by the pathogen Phytophthora infestans, which affects leaves, stems and tubers. Metalaxyl is a fungicide that protects potato plants from Phytophthora infestans. In Mexico, farmers apply metalaxyl 35 times during the cycle of potato production and the last application is typically 15 days before harvest. There are no records related...