Johne's disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), is a severe chronic enteritis which affects large populations of ruminants globally. Prevention strategies to combat the spread of Johne's disease among cattle herds involve adhering to strict calving practices to ensure young susceptible animals do not come in contact with MAP-contaminated colostrum, milk, or fec...

The mucus-dwelling parasite Ostertagia ostertagi is one of the most important gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle. Our group has previously demonstrated the protective capacity of a vaccine against this parasite based on a native activation-associated secreted protein ASP1 (nASP) in combination with the saponin adjuvant QuilA. The aim of the current study was to analyse the effect of both anti...

BACKGROUND Considering the importance of ticks as a main group transmitting pathogen organisms, this study designed to recognize immunogenic proteins in different tissues of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus tick and to find out if there are common proteins in these tissues. METHODS Seven cattle were experimentally infested with about 10000 R. annulatus larvae and their humoral immune respo...

Tick-borne diseases (TBDs) affect 80% of the world's cattle population, hampering livestock production throughout the world. Livestock industry is important to rural populations not only as food supply, but also as a source of income. Tick control is usually achieved by using acaricides which are expensive, deleterious to the environment and can induce chemical resistance of vectors; the develo...

Undiluted blood serum of various species was used to culture two-celled rabbit ova for 24 hours. It was found that there is an ovocidal factor present in the serum of man, sheep, cattle, goat, and fowl. The factor is lethal rather than inhibitory; exposure to it for 10 minutes will cause the death of the ova. This factor is unstable, thermolabile (destroyed at 55 degrees C. in 30 minutes), and ...

Rhoptry-associated protein 1 (RAP-1) is a targeted vaccine antigen for Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina infections of cattle. The 60-kDa B. bovis RAP-1 is recognized by antibodies and T lymphocytes from cattle that recovered from infection and were immune to subsequent challenge. Immunization with native or recombinant protein was reported to reduce parasitemias in challenged animals. We rece...

A critical evaluation is made of reports in the literature on the block method of vaccination and the relevant factors that play a role in the immunization against heartwater are also discussed. The most important of these is the fact that in heartwater immunogenicity parallels pathogenicity. It is shown that the more severe the reaction of the host to the immunizing infection, the stronger its...

by Eric L. Sutten, M.S. Washington State University August 2009 Chair: Wendy C. Brown Anaplasma marginale is an economically important tick-borne intraerythrocytic rickettsial pathogen of cattle that can cause fever, weight loss and death upon acute infection in naïve hosts. Immunization with isolated outer membrane (OM) fractions elicits protective immunity against infection, whereas immunizat...

Boophilus microplus trypsin inhibitors (BmTIs) present in larvae were preliminarily characterized as active proteins, approximately 10-18 kDa, by SDS-PAGE. BmTIs showed trypsin inhibitory activity on reverse zymography containing gelatin (0.03%) and also inhibited others serine proteinases (human neutrophil elastase and human plasma kallikrein). Bos indicus, Nelore breed calves, previously sens...

There is evidence of antigenic diversity and of differences in virulence in Dermatophilus congolensis. For the understanding of the epidemiology of dermatophilosis it is important to distinguish between strains of the organism. Twenty field isolates from cattle in Chad and Cameroon, and an American reference strain, have been examined on restriction fragment length polymorphisms. After restrict...