During embryogenesis, cardiac myocytes have many cytological characteristics of secretory or glandular cells . Early embryonic ventricular myocardial cells have a large amount of granular endoplasmic reticulum and a well-developed Golgi complex, and these cells have been implicated in the elaboration of cardiac jelly (7) . Indeed, evidence is accumulating that indicates that cardiac muscle has ...

Cardiac transcription factor biologists have spent many years identifying transcription factors that function as critical regulators of important cellular processes; however, the challenges in understanding cardiac transcriptional regulatory networks have been formidable. The cardiovascular system is a complex organ system in which component muscle cells must interact with other cells in a coor...

The expression of previously dormant human muscle genes encoding two major components of the contractile apparatus was activated in multinucleated heterokaryons formed by the fusion of mouse muscle cells and human fibroblasts. The accumulation of human and mouse alpha-cardiac and alpha-skeletal actin transcripts was compared by Northern blot, slot blot, and S1 nuclease assays. The pattern of hu...

Cardiac remodeling occurs after stress to the heart, manifested as pathological processes, including hypertrophy and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, dysfunction of vascular endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells as well as differentiation and proliferation of fibroblasts, ultimately resulting in progression of cardiovascular diseases. Emerging evidence has revealed that long non-coding...

dried oleander leaves at single lethal dose of 110 mg/kg body weight were administered orally to fivenative female goats. clinical signs of toxicosis in goats began to appear about 1 hr after receiving theoleander and included abdominal pain, ruminal atony and tympany, frequent urination, bradycardia,tachycardia, tachyarrhythmia, depression, weakness and convulsive movement and death at the end...

The gene coding for mouse cardiac troponin I (TnI) has been cloned and sequenced. The cardiac TnI gene contains 8 exons and has an exon-intron organization similar to the quail fast skeletal TnI gene except for the region of exons 1-3, which is highly divergent. Comparative analysis suggests that cardiac TnI exon 1 corresponds to fast TnI exons 1 and 2 and that cardiac exon 3, which codes for m...

The mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)-extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway is a central downstream signaling pathway that is activated in cardiac muscle cells during mechanical and agonist-mediated hypertrophy. Studies in genetic mouse models deficient in ERK-associated MAPK components pathway have further reinforced a direct role for this pathway in stress-induced cardiac ...

Pax7 expressing muscle stem cells accompany all skeletal muscles in the body and in healthy individuals, efficiently repair muscle after injury. Currently, the in vitro manipulation and culture of these cells is still in its infancy, yet muscle stem cells may be the most promising route toward the therapy of muscle diseases such as muscular dystrophies. It is often overlooked that muscular dyst...

We have derived a cardiac muscle cell line, designated HL-1, from the AT-1 mouse atrial cardiomyocyte tumor lineage. HL-1 cells can be serially passaged, yet they maintain the ability to contract and retain differentiated cardiac morphological, biochemical, and electrophysiological properties. Ultrastructural characteristics typical of embryonic atrial cardiac muscle cells were found consistent...

T HE succ.~ss of the Ling-Gerard intracellular ultramicroelectrode technique (I) in measuring inside-outside potentials of striated muscle, cardiac muscle, nerve, spinal cord and cerebral cortex suggests that this technique should be used to study single smooth muscle cells. External electrode studies have shed considerable light on the events occurring in the individual cells of nerve and stri...