INTRODUCTION Some car rental companies in California and other states in the USA have established non-smoking policies for their vehicles. This study examined the effectiveness of these policies in maintaining smoke-free rental cars. METHODS A stratified random sample of 250 cars (non-smoker, smoker and unknown designation) was examined in San Diego County, California, USA. Dust, surfaces and...

M ost of us have the experience of travelling on aeroplanes and are impressed by the cleanliness and orderliness of the cabin that welcome us together with the friendly and smiling faces of the aircrew every time we board an aeroplane. The cleanliness and orderliness of the cabin are the results of the hard work of heroes behind the scene— the aircraft cabin cleaners. The work of these cleaners...

It is known that PMA (phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate) can activate the classical and novel protein kinase C isoenzymes (cPKC alpha, beta, gamma and nPKC delta, epsilon, eta, theta), while the calcium ion can induce only the activity of cPKC. Calcineurin binding protein (Cabin 1) belongs to the group of endogenous inhibitors of calcineurin. Cabin 1 becomes hyperphosphorylated in response to PKC...

Several recent studies have reported a gradual decline in sperm production in men. Endocrine disrupters as well as lifestyle have been suggested as risk factors. One lifestyle factor that may affect human fertility is driving a vehicle for a prolonged period. Several authors have suggested that driving position may increase the scrotal temperature. In order to validate this hypothesis we conduc...

In this paper, the methodology of aircraft air distribution system has been analyzed theoretically and experimentally. To achieve that, ducting pressure loss and air flow throw gaspers calculations has been done for cabin ducts in according to exact location of individual air distribution system in the cabin. The length of gasper air flow was compared with the distance between gasper outlet and...

AIMS To determine the cancer incidence in Swedish cabin crew. METHODS Cancer incidence of cabin crew at the Swedish Scandinavian Airline System (SAS) (2324 women and 632 men) employed from 1957 to 1994 was determined during 1961-96 from the Swedish National Cancer Register. The cancer incidence in cabin crew was compared with that of the general Swedish population by comparing observed and ex...

This paper conducts an investigation towards main aircraft cabin parameters. The aim is two-fold: First, a handbook method is used to preliminary design the aircraft cabin. Second, an objective function representing the “drag in the responsibility of the cabin” is created and optimized using both an analytical approach and a stochastic approach. Several methods for estimating wetted area and ma...

This paper presents a cost-effective method to increase the COP and utility of a domestic refrigerator using R-134a refrigerant. A cabin was installed on the top of a domestic refrigerator with condenser coils of refrigerator serving as heating coils inside the cabin. Known quantity of water was heated by the condenser coils (due to convection currents) thereby increasing the overall COP of the...