Lipase from papaya (Carica papaya) latex (CPL), Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozym 435, NOV) and Rhizomucor miehei lipase (Lipozyme IM 20, LIP) were used as biocatalysts for the esterification of caprylic acid with straight-chain saturated C(4)-C(18) alcohols and unsaturated C(18) alcohols, such as cis-9-octadecenyl (oleyl, C(18:1), n-9), cis-6-octadecenyl (petroselinyl, C(18:1), n-12), cis-9...

Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are a super family of heme-containing enzymes well-known for their monooxgenase reaction. There are 57 CYP isoenzymes found in human which exhibit specific physiological functions. Thirteen members of this super family are classified as "orphan" CYP because of their unknown enzymatic functions. CYP4V2 is found to be a potential drug target for Bietti crystalline corneore...

Active (anti-microbial) packaging was prepared using three different formulations; Auranta FV; Inbac-MDA and sodium octanoate at two concentrations (2.5 and 3.5 times their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, the lowest concentration that will inhibit the visible growth of the organisms) against Clostridium estertheticum, DSMZ 8809). Inoculated beef samples were packaged using the active pac...

The pH is a critical parameter in chain-elongating bioreactors, affecting: (1) the concentration of inhibitory undissociated carboxylic acids, which turn affects efficiency product extraction; (2) thermodynamics; and (3) kinetics. Here, we examined effect five different levels (5.5 to 7.0) on n-caprylate (C8) production using an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) with continuous membrane...

In this study, we examined the effect of arachidonic acid (AA) on the BK alpha-subunit with or without beta-subunits expressed in Xenopus oocytes. In excised patches, AA potentiated the hSlo-alpha current and slowed inactivation only when beta2/3 subunit was co-expressed. The beta2-subunit-dependent modulation by AA persisted in the presence of either superoxide dismutase or inhibitors of AA me...

Our objectives were to evaluate the use of refractometry as a means of estimating immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration of bovine maternal colostrum (MC) and determine if fractionation of MC using caprylic acid (CA) improved estimates of IgG. Samples (n=85) of MC were collected from a single dairy in California and used to determine the method of CA fraction that produced the best prediction of ...

Impairment of intestinal fat digestion and absorption constitutes one of the principal manifestations of cystic fibrosis of the pancreas (1, 2). It has been reported that in these patients, triglycerides of shorter chain fatty acids appear to be more completely absorbed than those containing fatty acids with chain lengths longer than 12 carbon atoms (3, 4). After medium chain triglyceride prepa...

In the current study, the fatty acids composition of 30 monovarietal apple juices from six cider apple varieties belonging to two categories was analyzed. The different apple juices were obtained from three consecutive harvests (1997, 1998, and 1999). The fatty acids concentration in apple juice together with chemometric techniques such as principal components analysis (PCA), soft independent m...

Streptococcus mutans and Fusobacterium nucleatum are two key bacteria of the oral microbiota. Due to their ability form biofilms on tissues, they both involved in onset most common diseases. F. is also principal producer hydrogen sulfide (H2S), causative awkward bad breath halitosis. In this study, product Vea® Oris, made by vitamin E capric/caprylic acid only, was evaluated as a potential trea...

Continuous and automated bacteria detection is pivotal for a myriad of biomedical, food safety environmental applications. This work presents the fabrication prototype passive (battery-free) radio frequency sensor wireless bacteria. The sensing mechanism based on bacterial-induced (proteases peptidases) degradation glutaraldehyde (GTA) cross-linked gelatin-caprylic acid (CA) composite film. Pro...