in order to improve the reliability of the power system, sufficient amount of new capacity should be installed in the network. usually generation units’ payoff in an energy market is not adequate to cover their expenses. therefore, energy only market cannot induce investors to invest in generation field. due to energy only market inefficiency, a supplementary algorithm is suggested to cover the...

In micro-satellites, delicate instruments are compacted into a limited space. This raises concerns of active cooling and remote cooling. Silicon based micro-pump arrays are employed thanks to manufacturing simplicity, a small cryogen charge, etc, and keep the instruments within a narrow cryogenic temperature range. The pumping capacity and reliability of the micro-pump are critical in terms of ...

 Considering nodes failure cases, this paper mainly proposes an algorithm for the cloud computing network (CCN) to evaluate the capability that the CCN can send d units of data from the cloud to the client through two paths under both the maintenance budget and time constraints. To guarantee a good quality of service (QoS), the CCN should be maintained while falling to a failed state such that...

The transmission rate, delivery reliability and network lifetime are three fundamental but conflicting design objectives in energy-constrained wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we address the optimal rate-reliability-lifetime tradeoff with link capacity constraint, reliability constraint and energy constraint. By introducing the weight parameters, we combine the objectives at rate, relia...

The system capacity of a flow network is the maximum flow from source to destination and is deterministic. If all the arcs and nodes of any network have a number of possible capacities and may fail then the probability that the maximum flow of a commodity is either greater or equal to a given demand is an important performance measure of the quality of such networks. The paper presents a contin...

The accuracy and reliability of Barnhard's radiographic method of determining total lung capacity have been confirmed by several groups of investigators. Despite its simplicity and general reliability, it has several shortcomings, especially when used in large-scale epidemiological surveys. Of these, the most serious is related to ifim technique; thus, when the cardiac and diaphragmatic shadows...

Anti-seismic devices should be designed with proper safety margins against their failure, because the reliability of structural system where they are installed is strongly influenced by reliability. Seismic Standards generally prescribe factors (reliability factors) amplifying device responses at design condition, in order to reach a target level. In case Fluid Viscous Dampers (FVDs), these app...