Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a genetic lung disorder that is characterized by the accumulation of calcium phosphate deposits in the alveolar spaces of the lung. Mutations in the type II sodium phosphate cotransporter, NPT2b, have been reported in patients with PAM. PAM progresses gradually, often producing incremental dyspnea on exertion, desaturation in young adulthood, and respi...

Eighteen cases have been reported in the literature, but the diagnosis was established during life in eight cases only. To our knowledge, the two cases we report are the nineteenth and twentieth. Among these 18 cases it has been noticed that 11 were in men and seven in women. The youngest patient reported was 6 years old, but the average age was between 30 and 50 years. Diagnosis was made at ne...

Table 1 in the article by Mathru et al’ shows that when the pericardium was opened, the cardiac index fell from 2.9 to 2.8, coupled with a rise in heart rate from 63 to 64. This should cause a fall in stroke volume of5.0 percent, not the 1.7 percent rise (from 59 to 60 ml) claimed in Table 2 in that article. Likewise, Table 3 shows no change in cardiac index. However, that cardiac index value c...

We report a patient with pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis who was admitted to King Abdul-Aziz Hospital, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with chest pain, shortness of breath, dry cough and swelling of lower limbs. The patient underwent chest radiographs and CT scan showing multiple diffuse, almost symmetrical bilateral micronodular opacities of calcific density. The diagnosis was confirmed afte...

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare autosomal recessive condition that is often asymptomatic despite significant changes in chest imaging. Diagnosis is often made when patients become symptomatic in adulthood. There are still no proven treatments, but earlier diagnosis may allow for evaluation of preventative strategies that could improve outcome. It is an important diagnosis to c...

A case of a 10 year old boy with pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is presented. Although most children with this disease are asymptomatic, our patient had persistent cough for more than 3 years. It is likely that his chronic cough was a direct consequence of the disease.

Calyceal diverticula are cystic dilations within renal parenchyma prone to urinary stasis, stone formation, and recurrent infection. Using ICD-9 code 55.39 and CPT code 50549, we identified five women and two men (mean age 42 years) who underwent laparoscopic calyceal diverticulectomy at our center from August 2007 to July 2010. Patient videos that highlight basic and advanced laparoscopic tech...

PURPOSE Testicular microlithiasis (TM) is a relatively rare clinical entity of controversial significance characterized by the existence of hydroxyapatite microliths located in the seminiferous tubules. The aim of this study was to observe the natural course of changes in the calcific density of pediatric TM. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included a total of 23 TM patients undergoing scrotal ultra...