OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship of retinal vascular caliber to incident diabetes in a population-based cohort. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) Study recruited adults aged 25+ years across Australia in 1999-2000, with a follow-up 5 years later in 2004-2005. Participants' glycemic status was classified using fasting plasma glucose (FPG)...

Research into the genetic effects and specific genes associated with retinal vascular caliber, a risk marker of cardiovascular diseases, may provide new insights into the genetic contribution of early microvascular disease. A combined 374 monozygotic and 536 dizygotic twin pairs and 322 siblings from the Twins Eye Study in Tasmania and the Brisbane Adolescent Twin Study underwent complete ophth...

Objective
 We aimed to remind surgeons of the presence the
 thoracoacromial arterial trunk and cephalic vein (TATCV)
 for a comfortable reliable free flap transfer
 head, arm, trunk, in case mainstream recipient vessels these regions pose some inconveniences
 due previous surgery, radiotherapy, or
 trauma.
 Material Methods
 Eight cases trauma or tumor in...

A rare case is reported of a Monteggia equivalent injury where a dislocation of the radial head is associated with fracture of the distal third of the radius and ulna. The mechanism, treatment and outcome are described.

The evolution of larger mammals resulted in a corresponding increase in peripheral nerve length. To ensure optimal nervous system functionality and survival, nerve conduction velocities were likely to have increased to maintain the rate of signal propagation. Increases of conduction velocities may have required alterations in one of the two predominant properties that affect the speed of neuron...

Computer Scrabble programs have achieved a level of performance that exceeds that of the strongest human players. MAVEN was the first program to demonstrate this against human opposition. Scrabble is a game of imperfect information with a large branching factor. The techniques successfully applied in two-player games such as chess do not work here. MAVEN combines a selective move generator, sim...

OBJECTIVE Alterations in retinal vascular caliber may reflect early subclinical microvascular dysfunction. In this study, we examined the association of retinal vascular caliber to incident retinopathy in young patients with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of 645 initially retinopathy-free type 1 diabetic patients, aged 12-20 years. Participant...

PURPOSE We aimed to establish whether the change in retinal microvascular structure observed cross-sectionally with axial elongation and larger corneal curvature is comparable from early childhood to adolescence. METHODS In all, 1077 Sydney Paediatric Eye Study participants (36 to <72 months of age) and 1740, 2353, and 1216 from the Sydney Childhood Eye Study (6, 12, and 17 years of age), res...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Prior studies suggest that aerobic exercise may reduce both the brain atrophy and the decline in fractional anisotropy observed with advancing age. It is reasonable to hypothesize that exercise-induced changes to the vasculature may underlie these anatomic differences. The purpose of this blinded study was to compare high-activity and low-activity healthy elderly voluntee...

PURPOSE To examine the relationship between retinal vascular caliber and glaucoma in an Asian population. METHODS A population-based, cross-sectional study of 3019 persons of Asian Malay ethnicity aged 40 to 80 years residing in Singapore. All participants had dilated digital retinal photographs taken of both eyes. From these, retinal vascular caliber was measured with a computer-based techni...