The association of the activation-inducible tumor necrosis factor receptor and ligand with lumbar disc hermiation. Purpose: Herniated nucleus pulposus fragments are recognized by the immune system as a foreign-body, which results in an autoimmune reaction. Human activation-inducible tumor necrosis factor receptor (AITR) and its ligand, AITRL, are important costimulatory molecules in the pathoge...

STUDY DESIGN A retrospective study PURPOSE This study examined the reliability of the MRI findings in detecting symptomatic extraforaminal disc herniation in the lumbar spine. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE There are no reports of the characteristics and reliable MRI findings of extraforaminal disc herniation. METHODS Thirty age-and gender-matched asymptomatic volunteers and 30 patients with symp...

Background & Aim: Low back pain is the most debilitating condition, and can lead to decreased physical function, compromised quality of life, and psychological distress. Several studies have been conducted to recognize the risk factors of low back pain, but despite of strong relationship between obesity and low back pain, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The aim of this study wa...

BACKGROUND Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) is a minimally invasive spinal technique. The unique anatomic features of the L5-S1 space include a large facet joint, narrow foramen, small disc space, and a wide interlaminar space. PELD can be performed via 2 routes, transforaminal (TF-PELD) or interlaminar (IL-PELD). However, it is questionable that the decision of the endoscopic r...

Symptomatic thoracic disc herniation is an uncommon condition and early surgical approaches were associated with significant morbidity and even mortality. We are the first to describe the technique of percutaneous thoracic nucleoplasty in three patients with severe radicular pain due to thoracic disc herniation. Two of the patients experienced more than 75% pain relief and one patient experienc...

Intradural disc herniation has been reported as a rare type of intervertebral disc herniation, only 32 cases reported. It remains difficult to definitively diagnose the disease before surgery. We reported a 55 year-old female patient complaints of nuchal pain and bilateral arm weakness after a trauma accident. MRI revealed a C3-C4 herniated intervertebral disc (HIVD) with a “hawk-beak sign.” CT...

Lumbar radiculopathy is generally caused by such well-recognized entity as lumbar disc herniation in neurosurgical practice; however rare pathologies such as thrombosed epidural varix may mimic them by causing radicular symptoms. In this case report, we present a 26-year-old man with the complaint of back and right leg pain who was operated for right L4-5 disc herniation. The lesion interpreted...

Background and Aim. First-line treatment strategy for managing cervical disc herniation is conservative measures. In some cases, surgery is indicated either due to signs/symptoms of severe/progressive neurological deficits, or because of persistence of radicular pain despite 12 weeks of conservative treatment. Success for treatment of cervical disc herniation using ACDF has been successfully re...

Both target radiofrequency thermocoagulation and collagenase chemonucleolysis are effective micro-invasive therapy means for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation. In order to analyze the clinical effects of target radiofrequency thermocoagulation combined with collagenase chemonucleolysis on lumbar intervertebral disc herniation, the contents of hydroxyproline and glycosaminoglycan were measur...