OBJECTIVE Genetic defects in several sarcoglycans (SGs) and dystrophin (Dys) play a critical role in cardiomyopathy. The present study was designed to determine whether changes in SGs and Dys might occur in animals with chronic heart failure (CHF) induced by acute myocardial infarction (AMI), which have no genetic defects. METHODS AMI was induced by the left coronary artery ligation (CAL) in ...

The development of Computer Aided Learning software (CAL) calls for a large scale project if one does not want to limit oneself to lessons of purely personal utility. In our opinion, the development of such software is a team effort. The most common approach in this field is to use authoring languages, imposing a rather rigid framework on their users. As opposed to this approach, we have chosen...

Courseware abstraction is an approach to CAL whereby the lesson author creates a general parameterised CAL lesson that is then applied to many concrete examples. This approach has the following advantages: • it provides a powerful framework within which to adapt tuition to a student’s knowledge and aptitude; • it encourages the development of detailed treatments of the subject matter; • it redu...

The migration and invasion of lung cancer cells into the extracellular matrix contributes to the high mortality rates of lung cancer. The protein kinase C (PKC) and downstream signaling pathways are important in the invasion and migration of lung cancer cells. Calycosin (Cal), an effector chemical from Astragalus has been reported to affect the recurrence and metastasis of cancer cells via the ...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of CAL-101, particularly when combined with bortezomib (BTZ) on mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells, and to explore its relative mechanisms. METHODS MTT assay was applied to detect the inhibitory effects of different concentrations of CAL-101. MCL cells were divided into four groups: control group, CAL-101 group, BTZ group, and CAL-101/BTZ group. The expressi...

Sim8086 is a Microsoft Windows based Computer Aided Learning (CAL) system for supporting the teaching of assembly language programming to first year undergraduate students. This paper takes the development of Sim8086 as a case study and uses it to illustrate some of the professional, economic and educational issues faced by teachers who design and develop CAL systems. In particular, the paper c...

California has launched a new effort to expand the use of managed care within Medi-Cal, its Medicaid program. A cornerstone of this expansion is the “two-plan” model, in which each Medi-Cal enrollee in 11 counties will choose either a private commercial plan or one organized and operated by the county. Although the two-plan model is meant to enhance enrollee choice, its implementation raises ke...