Recent efforts to engineer C4 photosynthetic traits into C3 plants such as rice demand an understanding of the genetic elements that enable C4 plants to outperform C3 plants. As a part of the C4 Rice Consortium's efforts to identify genes needed to support C4 photosynthesis, EMS mutagenized sorghum populations were generated and screened to identify genes that cause a loss of C4 function. Stabl...

studies were undertaken to evaluate content of igg, igm, c3, c4, ch50 and proteines of sera from 53 drug addicts by immunological methods. results shows an increase of igg and no significant variatrion in the level of other ig(s). in the same time we have seen an augmentation of gamma globuline in the protein electrophoresis pattern. the level of c3 and c4 of complement component rest unchanged.

In subfamily Salsoloideae (family Chenopodiaceae) most species are C4 plants having terete leaves with Salsoloid Kranz anatomy characterized by a continuous dual chlorenchyma layer of Kranz cells (KCs) and mesophyll (M) cells, surrounding water storage and vascular tissue. From section Coccosalsola sensu Botschantzev, leaf structural and photosynthetic features were analysed on selected species...

C4 photosynthesis has evolved multiple times from ancestral C3 species. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) catalyzes the reversible hydration of CO2 and is involved in both C3 and C4 photosynthesis; however, its roles and the intercellular and intracellular locations of the majority of its activity differ between C3 and C4 plants. To understand the molecular changes underlying the evolution of the C4 path...

Regulatory mechanisms of soil respiratory carbon (C) release induced by substrates (i.e., plant derived substrates) are critical for predicting ecosystem responses to climate change, but the mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we sampled soils from a long-term field manipulative experiment and conducted a laboratory incubation to explore the role of substrate supply in regulating...

Addition of nitrogen leads to increased dry matter accumulation in vegetative plant parts and to increased final yields in cereal crops (Hageman and Lambert, 1988). The efficiency with which nitrogen is used varies with plant species and with environmental conditions. For example, plants that possess a C4 pattem of photosynthesis have, in addition to a superior method for trapping COz from the ...