The discovery of catalytic RNA molecules (ribozymes) capable of catalyzing a significant number of diverse chemical reactions suggests that an RNA world preceded the DNA-RNA-Protein world we know today. The self-replication of RNA molecules would be the central process of the RNA world.However, a single selfreplicating RNA would not sustain information on its own if it surpassed the “error thre...

SKN-1/Nrf transcription factors activate cytoprotective genes in response to reactive small molecules and strongly influence stress resistance, longevity, and development. The molecular mechanisms of SKN-1/Nrf regulation are poorly defined. We previously identified the WD40 repeat protein WDR-23 as a repressor of Caenorhabditis elegans SKN-1 that functions with a ubiquitin ligase to presumably ...

An automatic sequence is a letter-to-letter coding of fixed point uniform morphism. More generally, morphic sequences are codings points arbitrary morphisms. There many examples where an, priori, with non-uniform morphism happens to be an sequence. example the Lysënok \(a \to aca\), \(b d\), \(c b\), \(d c\), which also \(2\)-automatic Such identification useful for describing dynamical systems...

Background: Virulent Newcastle disease virus (vNDV) causes great economic losses to the poultry industry throughout the world. Despite the endemicity of Newcastle disease (ND) and occurrence of recurrent outbreaks, the nature and genetic features of circulating NDV strains in Iran are largely unknown. Aims: This study was conducted to characterize 13 NDV isolat...

Background and Aims: HDV is a defective satellite virus and classified in genus Deltavirus. Its disease is related and limited to HBV-infected patients. Acute infection of delta agent occurs in two different patterns simultaneous infection with both HBV & HDV or super infection of chronically HBV infected patients that lead to more sever type of hepatitis. According to genetic diversity of geno...

Holonomic sequences are widely studied as many objects interesting to mathematicians and computer scientists in this class. In the univariate case, these satisfying linear recurrences with polynomial coefficients also referred D-finite sequences. A subclass C-finite a recurrence constant coefficients. We investigate set of which satisfy equations that call them C2-finite These natural generaliz...

The DNA architectural proteins FIS and CRP are global regulators of transcription in Escherichia coli involved in the adjustment of cellular metabolism to varying growth conditions. We have previously demonstrated that FIS modulates the expression of the crp gene by functioning as its transcriptional repressor. Here we show that in turn, CRP is required to maintain the growth phase pattern of f...

Proinsulin C-peptides were isolated from the pancreas of the green monkey, sheep, and dog by established procedures. The amino acid sequences of these peptides have been determined using a semi-micro adaptation of the Edman degradation procedure. These sequences are compared with those of the human, bovine, porcine, and rat C-peptides. The bovine and ovine C-peptide sequences are identical, whe...

L-SIGN is a C-type lectin that is expressed on liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. Capture of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) by this receptor results in trans-infection of hepatoma cells. L-SIGN alleles have been identified that encode between three and nine tandem repeats of a 23 residue stretch in the juxtamembrane oligomerization domain. Here, it was shown that these repeat-region isoforms are expr...