The Gastrochaenacea are a compact group of mechanically and chemically boring bivalves that comprise a major but commonly overlooked element of tropical and subtropical endolithic faunas. As shown by their representatives in Diploria skeletons at Soldier Key, Florida, Spengleria rostrata, Gastrochaena (Gastrochaena) hians and Gastrochaena (Rocellaria) ovata are well suited to life in thin and r...

The ecologically and economic important honey bee (Apis mellifera) is a key non-target arthropod species in environmental risk assessment (ERA) of genetically modified (GM) crops. Honey bee larvae are directly exposed to transgenic products by the consumption of GM pollen. But most ERA studies only consider responses of adult bees, although Bt-proteins primarily affect the larval phases of targ...

Temperate-zone anguillid eels use both saline (marine or brackish) and fresh waters during their continental phase, but use of fresh waters is paradoxical because on average these fishes grow more rapidly in saline than in fresh waters. Based on data from anguillid eels whose habitat-residency histories had been determined by Sr:Ca otolithometry, superiority of growth rates in saline water is m...

It is now many years since Kiaer (1924) demonstrated the existence of the hypocercaJ tail in the Anaspida, and subsequently it has been found to be universally present in the Heterostraci (Stetson, 1931; Kiaer, 1932; White, 1935). No experimental attempt seems to have been made, however, to investigate its functional significance (see Harris, 1936), although it has been realized for a considera...

Abstract Background The wheat stink bug, Aelia rostrata Boheman (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is one of the harmful insects that caused significant product losses in cereals due to outbreaks. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are natural enemies soil insect pests whose effects as a biocontrol agent against many have been demonstrated by laboratories and field/garden studies world. present laborato...

Marine microbial interactions involving eukaryotes and their parasites play an important role in shaping the structure of phytoplankton communities. These interactions may alter population densities of the main host, which in turn may have consequences for the other concurrent species. The effect generalist parasitoids exert on a community is strongly dependent on the degree of host specificity...

Arboreal palms have developed a variety of structural root modifications and systems to adapt to the harsh abiotic conditions of tropical rain forests. Stilt roots have been proposed to serve a number of functions including the facilitation of rapid vertical growth to the canopy and enhanced mechanical stability. To examine whether stilt roots provide these functions, we compared stilt root cha...