The present study prepares alkali lignin (AL) via acidification of black liquor, obtained from a pulp and paper factory. The average molecular weight of AL (equal to 2,530 g/mol) has been determined with gel permeation chromatography. AL has been modified by ethylene glycol, while lignin nanoparticles (LN) has been prepared through acid precipitation technology, their size being assessed by mea...

khwaja nasīr al-dīn tūsī is accused, by many, of collaborating with the mongol invaders and legitimizing their domination (power). using the identity theory of manuel castells and discourse theory, the present essay hypothesizes that khwaja nasīr has tried to create iranian identity utilizing the archetypes of iranshahr and has founded a programmed identity that was later followed by other bure...

one of the important subjects of comparative literature_ in french school_ is studying common contents between literature of different languages and separating literati’s initiatives and borrowing from other authors in the same or another language by them. with this aspect. using analytic – comparative metod, this study compares poems of abu tayyib al-muttanabbi_ as one of the most impressive a...

having briefly been reviewed the historical process of changing the formulae for determining the times of islamic prayers, two newly found formulae and a new rule for establishing the times of prayers would be discussed. these matters have been exploited from four texts, still preserved as manuscript: (1) siyyid ¾?y? al-d?n sh?shtar?’s ¼ad b?b dar macrifa al-a½??rl?b, (2) b?r?n?’s ’ist?c?b f? c...

Abstract: activity gas diffusion process has been investigated in this research. Effects of coating temperature and aluminumconcentration in powder mixture on formation mechanism were studied using optical and scanning electronmicroscopes, EDS and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. For this purpose two different packs containing 1 and 2wt% aluminum powder, were used for coating the samples at ...