To address the burst loss problem in OBS network, we propose a new optical burst control algorithm, which estimates the future burst traffic condition to eliminate the effect of congestion reaction delay. Through the simulations, we verify that the proposed algorithm outperforms other existing burst control algorithms.

The brain is a complex adaptive system, processing information from the internal and external environment. Information is transmitted within the nervous system in at least 2 separate firing patterns, tonic and burst firing. Burst firing consists of closely spaced spikes at high frequency (eg 500 Hz) followed by quiescent periods. It has been proposed that burst firing is a signal detector, a ki...

Optical Burst Switching (OBS) aims to provide higher utilization and greater flexibility at a lower cost and reduced complexity than current optical circuit switched networks. We introduce a new routing protocol for Optical Burst Switching, Shortest Path Prioritized Random Deflection Routing (SP-PRDR), that aims to lower burst loss probabilities while only using limited state information from t...

Vocalizations from the northern right whale dolphin, Lissodelphis borealis, were recorded during a combined visual and acoustic shipboard survey of cetacean populations off the west coast of the United States. Seven of twenty single-species schools of L. borealis produced click and pulsed vocalizations. No whistles were detected during any of the encounters. Clicks associated with burst-pulse v...

Mammalian genes transcribe RNA not continuously, but in bursts. Transcriptional output can be modulated by altering burst fraction or burst size, but how regulatory elements control bursting parameters remains unclear. Single-molecule RNA FISH experiments revealed that the β-globin enhancer (LCR) predominantly augments transcriptional burst fraction of the β-globin gene with modest stimulation ...

The main objective of this paper is to propose various types of Finite Element Methods used for the calculation of burst strength of pressure vessel. The pressure at which the pressure vessel should burst if all of the specified design tolerances are at their minimum values is called burst pressure. Prediction of burst strength is the very important aspect in the pressure vessel design. The pre...

1. Electrophysiological recordings and pharmacological manipulations were used to investigate the mechanisms underlying the generation of action potential burst firing and its postsynaptic consequences in visually identified rat layer 5 pyramidal neurons in vitro. 2. Based upon repetitive firing properties and subthreshold membrane characteristics, layer 5 pyramidal neurons were separated into ...

In this paper we present BeppoSAX and XMM-Newton observations of two long Gamma-ray bursts, the X-ray rich event of December 11, 2001 (GRB011211) and the hard and very bright event of November 21, 2001 (GRB011121). In both events we find evidence of a late X-ray burst, taking place several minutes after the prompt emission. In the November burst the spectrum of the X-ray burst is much softer th...

We previously demonstrated that diuretic-induced hypovolemia resulted in an enhanced baroreflex-mediated increase in integrated muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and vasomotor tone during lower body negative pressure (LBNP) (Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 282: H645-H655, 2002). The purpose of this study was to perform a retrospective analysis of these data and examine the ability of rel...

Large diameter cells in rat deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) can be distinguished according to the generation of a transient or weak rebound burst and the expression of T-type Ca(2+) channel isoforms. We studied the ionic basis for the distinction in burst phenotypes in rat DCN cells in vitro. Following a hyperpolarization, transient burst cells generated a high-frequency spike burst of < or = 450 ...