ABSTRACT Introduction: One of the most important steps in successful root canal treatment process is to understand the morphology of the root canal. Therefore, the clinicians should consider and release the anatomic variations in diagnosis and treatment of the mandibular and maxillary molars. Case Series: The aim of this case series is to present the successful root canal treatments completed i...

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a highly flexible endodontic brush made of polypropylene canal brush (CanalBrush; Coltène) on smear layer removal from the canal walls when used according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Forty-four single-rooted mandibular incisors were prepared to apical size 30/0.06 and randomly divided into three groups A, B and C, where the final irrigation r...

OBJECTIVE Bacterial leakage and root fractures are the most important reasons of root canal treatment failure. Due to the lack of adhesion of gutta percha to the canal walls, Resilon has been introduced as a root-filling material able to bond to the root walls. Metal posts may predispose the tooth walls to oblique and vertical fracture which usually leads to tooth loss; whereas, fiber posts may...

Root canals may be left untreated, if the dentist fails to identify their presence, leading to endodontic failure, particularly in teeth with anatomical variation in the form of extra roots or canals. Permanent mandibular fi rst molars usually have 2 roots placed mesially and distally and 3 root canals. However, radix entomolaris (RE), an anatomical variant of permanent mandibular fi rst molar,...

An aeroponic system was developed for the production of root crops used in the herbal and phytopharmaceutical industries. The variability in the phytochemical quality of botanical products precludes the ability to administer uniform dosing in clinical studies. Aeroponic systems allow the producer to precisely control root zone nutrient and water regimes and environmental conditions, as well as ...