Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) was investigated in the single aeration tank of a municipal wastewater treatment plant. Microelectrode measurements and batch experiments were performed to test for the presence of SND. Microelectrodes recorded the presence of O(2) concentration gradients in individual activated sludge flocs. When the O(2) concentration in the bulk liquid was...

The performances of two-phase polymer-liquid PEBAX®/polyethylene glycol (PEG) and three-phase polymer-liquid-solid PEBAX®/PEG/MWNT thin film composite membranes for CO2 and CH4 permeation were studied. The effect of temperature and MWNT/PEBAX® ratio on single gas (CO2 and CH4) permeability was investigated. The permeat...

Batch foam separation has been employed to separate Saccharomyces carlsbergensis cells from their broth without the use of any external surface-active agent. A model has been developed to predict the foamate cell concentration as well as the variation of cell concentration in the bulk liquid in the foam column as a function of time. The model assumes a linear equilibrium relation between the ce...

D. Ross, J. E. Rutledge, and P. Taborek Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92717 (Received 9 November 1995) The adsorption of He-He mixtures on a cesium substrate has been measured near bulk liquid phase separation. A first order wetting transition is found on the bulk three phase coexistence line at Tw > 0.53 K. The He rich liquid phase wets the s...

Water plays a key role in biological membrane transport. In ion channels and water-conducting pores (aquaporins), one-dimensional confinement in conjunction with strong surface effects changes the physical behavior of water. In molecular dynamics simulations of water in short (0.8 nm) hydrophobic pores the water density in the pore fluctuates on a nanosecond time scale. In long simulations (460...

Molecular dynamics investigations of ions in certain non-bulk media predict that they are capable of significantly greater mobilities than when in the liquid state. The entries of Li, Na, and K ions from electrolyte media into proposed synthetic channels consisting of fourteen 15-crownether-5 (CE) rings bonded in stacked conformations are described and their subsequent dynamics in the channel d...

The vapor condensation method can be used for forming an alternative flow of liquid masses using a single solvent for alternative plugs flow liquid chromatography (APFLC), described in our previous paper. APFLC is more effective when adopting a T-shaped flow path and aqueous-organic solvents with a liquid-to-gas volume ratio (bulk fraction; β) ranging between 0.0006 and 0.004 in an open tubular...

Hypersaline brines are of growing environmental concern. While high-salinity desalination and zero liquid discharge (ZLD) increasingly attractive treatment options, the high salt scalant contents pose considerable technical difficulties to existing techniques. In this review, we introduce sources hypersaline brines, examine factors driving desalination, present thermodynamic minimum energy ZLD,...

Using liquid membrane and, in particular, supported liquid membrane (SLM) is a novel method of separation in comparison to other methods such as adsorption, extraction and ion exchange. SLM is a combination of simultaneous extraction and disposal whose high efciency and capability is proven by many studies. So far, many researchers have utilized SLM in various scientifc...