Introduction Before birth, developing animals are sterile in the womb of their mothers. Upon birth, the digestive tracts of all animals are naturally colonized by a variety of microorganisms. Under healthy and non-stressful conditions, “beneficial” microflora colonizes the rumen and lower gut in a symbiotic relationship with the host. Beneficial rumen and gut microorganisms supply nutrients to ...

For an unknown number of years running up to the end of nineteenth century, beer-drinkers in Manchester and the north-west of England suffered an insidious assault to their health a form of paralysis termed peripheral neuritis. The condition was the result of consuming dangerous quantities of arsenic contained unsuspected and undetected in their beer. The source of the poison was contaminated b...

This paper proposes machine algorithm to grade (Premium, Grade A, Grade B and Grade C) the rice kernels using Multi-Class SVM. Maximum Variance method was applied to extract the rice kernels from background, then, after the chalk has been extracted from rice. The percentage of Head rice, broken rice and Brewers in rice samples were determined using ten geometric features. Multi-Class SVM classi...

In 1996, data on management practices used on US dairy operations were collected and analyzed for association with fecal shedding of Salmonella by dairy cows. A total of 4299 fecal samples from 91 herds was cultured for Salmonella isolation. Herd-size (adjusted odds ratios (OR) = 5.8, 95% CI 1.1, 31.3), region (OR = 5.7, CI 1.4, 23.5), use of flush water systems (OR = 3.5, CI 0.9, 14.7), and fe...

The purpose of this paper is to identify concordances between producer and consumer perceptions on the importance craft beer’s intrinsic extrinsic attributes. Although beer Mexico’s most popular alcoholic beverage consumption has increased, producers still face challenges for growth. We therefore examine how attributes influence consumers’ purchases behavior. To analyze producers’ perspective, ...

The yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is well known for its versatile production of metabolites from various substrates, but, although isolated from, e.g., wild-fermented Belgian Sour beers, it rarely considered a starter culture in fermented beverages. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the ability Y. ferment brewers’ wort containing iso-α-acid 7 days at low and high aeration 20 °C 30 °C, with speci...

Macrobrewers initially responded to the rapid growth of craft beer segment by product differentiation: offering versions their own “craft beer.” When this proved unsuccessful, they began acquiring independent brewers. We examine consequences Anheuser-Busch InBev’s acquisition Goose Island. find large gains in sales for brewers post-acquisition, which suggests that marketing spillovers attracted...