Breastfeeding is the process of feeding a newborn with mothers milk and it very important for enhancing child maternal health .Exclusive breastfeeding means that an infant receives only breast from his or her mother wet nurse expresses no other liquids solids, not even water, exception oral rehydration solution, drops syrups consisting vitamins, mineral supplements medicines. For almost all inf...

BACKGROUND High intake of cow-milk protein in formula-fed infants is associated with higher weight gain and increased adiposity, which have led to recommendations to limit protein intake in later infancy. The impact of protein from meats for breastfed infants during complementary feeding may be different. OBJECTIVE We examined the effect of protein from meat as complementary foods on growth a...

■ Evidence summary Vitamin K. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews looked at randomized trials to determine the effectiveness of vitamin K prophylaxis in preventing classic hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. Two trials demonstrated that a single dose of intramuscular vitamin K reduced clinical bleeding at 1 to 7 days. Oral vitamin K has been studied for its effects on biochemical indice...

OBJECTIVE To verify the behavior of hemoglobin levels and anemia prevalence in full term infants, aged 3 to 6 months and on exclusive breastfeeding. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 242 infants aged 3 to 6 months with birth weights of more than 2,500 g, on exclusive breastfeeding and monitored by the Program for the Promotion of Infant Growth and Development, part of the Paraisópolis Einste...

Growth references are important for paediatric health monitoring. It is critical to understand differences in growth interpretation and potential consequences when using available growth references. This study compares the growth of Czech breastfed children with the current WHO growth standards 2006 and the Czech references 1991, 2001. A total of 960 infant/parent pairs in the Czech Republic we...

OBJECTIVE We studied the association between breastfeeding and eczema, taking into account the possible influence of reverse causation, with risk period-specific analyses. METHODS Information on breastfeeding, determinants, and outcomes at 1 year of age was collected with repeated questionnaires for 2405 mother-infant pairs participating in the KOALA (Child, Parent and Health: Lifestyle and G...

BACKGROUND The antiretroviral drug efavirenz is widely used during breastfeeding. Evaluating its safety requires an understanding of its breast milk pharmacokinetics, level of breastfed infants' exposure, and potential influence of polymorphisms in drug disposition genes. METHODS For this observational study, we investigated plasma and breast milk pharmacokinetics of efavirenz and breastfed i...

INTRODUCTION Body composition in early life influences development of obesity during childhood and beyond. Appetite-regulating hormones (ARH) play a role in regulation of food intake and might thus influence body composition in later life. Studies on associations between ARH and body composition in early life are limited. METHODS In 197 healthy term infants, we measured serum fasting levels o...

OBJECTIVES To describe breastfeeding practices and investigate the influence of exclusive breastfeeding in early infancy on the risk of infant deaths, especially those attributable to respiratory infections (ARI) and diarrhea. METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted on a birth cohort of 1677 infants who were born in slum areas of Dhaka in Bangladesh and followed from birth to ...

BACKGROUND There is growing interest in the fatty acid composition of breast milk and substitute formulas used to replace or complement infant breastfeeding. AIM The aims of this study were to assess the impact of two follow-up infant formulas based on cow milk fat, vegetable oils and different docosahexaenoic (DHA) and arachidonic (ARA) acid content on red blood cell membrane fatty acid comp...