OBJECTIVE To compare the fat loss between refrigerator and warm water thawed breast milk. DESIGN Experimental. SETTING Tertiary-care pediatric university hospital. PARTICIPANTS Ninety samples of expressed breast milk were collected from mothers with singleton babies of a gestational age 32-42 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Fat content in fresh breast milk (FM); thawed breast milk by refri...

BACKGROUND The expression of breast milk allows a mother to be away intermittently from her infant while continuing to breastfeed. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between expression of breast milk and breastfeeding duration METHODS A cohort study of 12 months duration. The mothers were recruited from two public maternity hospitals in Perth, Australia between mid-Septe...

The concentration of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is generally lower in breast milk than in blood. Mastitis, or inflammation of the breast, is associated with increased levels of milk HIV-1 and risk of mother-to-child transmission through breastfeeding. We hypothesized that mastitis facilitates the passage of HIV-1 from blood into milk or stimulates virus production within the br...

Background: Breast milk is a natural food that contains all the fluids, energy, and nutrients necessary for optimum growth development of newborns. Smoking public health problem has harmful effects on mother baby. This study aimed to examine association exposure smoking with total oxidant status (TOS) antioxidant (TAS) in breast milk.

BACKGROUND Carotenoids in serum vary between countries and within populations with evidence suggesting a qualitative relationship to diet. Breast milk carotenoids furnish a source of vitamin A and potentially provide immunoprotection and other health benefits for infants. There have been numerous studies of milk carotenoid concentrations in undernourished populations; however, carotenoid concen...

Exclusive breast-feeding until 6 months is advised by the WHO as the best practice to feed infants. Yet, some studies have suggested a gap between energy requirements and the energy provided by human milk for many infants at 6 months. In order to assess the adequacy of WHO recommendations in 6-month-old Senegalese lactating infants, a comprehensive study was designed to measure human milk intak...

Concern has been expressed about the fact that cows' milk contains estrogens and could stimulate the growth of hormone-sensitive tumors. In this study, organic cows' milk and two commercial substitutes were digested in vitro and tested for their effects on the growth of cultures of prostate and breast cancer cells. Cows' milk stimulated the growth of LNCaP prostate cancer cells in each of 14 se...

This comparative study depicts the levels of immunoglobulins such as IgA and IgG in human breast milk samples with those of cow's milk samples. Immunoglobulins A and G were estimated by the method of Radial Immunodiffusion (RID). Experimental analysis showed that the level of Immunoglobulin A in breast milk samples were found to contain no traces of this antibody. IgG content in cow's milk (16....

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the fluoride levels in breast milk and plasma of lactating mothers who regularly consumed drinking water with low levels of fluoride. METHODS One hundred twenty five healthy mothers aged between 20-30 years old who had given birth within 5-7 days were included in the study. Besides being otherwise healthy, the primary selection criteria stipul...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence and to analyze factors associated with breast milk donation at primary health care units in order to increase the human milk bank reserves. METHODS Cross-sectional study carried out in 2013 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A representative sample of 695 mothers of children younger than 1 year attended to at the nine primary health care units with human milk dona...