[1] Temporary storage of solutes in streams is often controlled by flow-induced uptake in hyporheic zones. This phenomenon accounts for the tails that are generally observed following the passage of a solute pulse, and such exchange is particularly important for the transport of reactive substances that can be subject to various biogeochemical processes in the subsurface. Advective pumping, ind...

Viral breakthrough is a recognized response pattern to interferon-based antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The emergence of drug-resistant HCV quasispecies variants is assumed to be a major mechanism responsible for viral breakthrough. By using a long reverse transcription-PCR protocol recently developed in our lab, multiple nearly full-length HCV quas...

OBJECTIVES In the use of activated carbon beds as adsorbents for various types of organic vapor in respirator gas filters, water adsorption of the bed and test gas humidity are expected to alter the accuracy in the estimation of breakthrough data. There is increasing interest in the effects of moisture on estimation methods, and this study has investigated the effects with actual breakthrough d...

Hydrodynamic dispersion is an important factor controlling contaminant migration in the subsurface environment. However, few comprehensive data sets exist for critically evaluating the impact of travel distance and site heterogeneity on solute dispersion. Therefore, a series of field-scale experiments using tritiated water (H2O), and bromide (Br) as tracers was conducted on the U.S. Department ...

The load phase in preparative Protein A capture steps is commonly not controlled in real-time. The load volume is generally based on an offline quantification of the monoclonal antibody (mAb) prior to loading and on a conservative column capacity determined by resin-life time studies. While this results in a reduced productivity in batch mode, the bottleneck of suitable real-time analytics has ...

Cancer may soon become the leading disease-related cause of human death in many countries of the world. In the United States, cancer is projected to surpass cardiovascular disease as the major cause of death. Nevertheless, there is good news forthcoming with respect to emerging breakthrough drugs that demonstrate our increased understanding of cancer at the molecular level, a greater focus on m...

Many a science writer has fantasized about capping a story with the headline “Good News for Sick Mice!” One of the toughest struggles is deciding how to cover a story that has produced tantalizing, even amazing, results in laboratory animals but could well be a total bust by the time it gets to humans. That issue came up in early July, when Elan Pharmaceuticals, an Irish company with laboratori...

The presented study is concerned with one aspect of the effect of a "whistleblower" or a person arousing or informing a different perspective on a collaborative problem-solving task. Its purpose is to find out, through an experiment, how a whistle-blower (which we called "Maverick") affects the facilitation of a breakthrough in a rule-discovery task. In the experiment two hypotheses were tested...

Reservoir computing is a recent bio-inspired approach for processing time-dependent signals. It has enabled a breakthrough in analog information processing, with several experiments, both electronic and optical, demonstrating state-of-the-art performances for hard tasks such as speech recognition, time series prediction and nonlinear channel equalization. A proof-of-principle experiment using a...

Background. The precision and limitations of ventricular pacemapping as a method to localize the site of earliest breakthrough of ventricular tachycardia (VT) were investigated in a canine model of experimental myocardial infarction. Methods and Results. Forty-one episodes of VT induced in 10 animals were mapped using a standard grid of 64 endocardial and epicardial bipolar electrodes to determ...