Dams designed for hydropower and other purposes alter the environments of many economically important fishes, including Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). We estimated that dams on the Rogue River, the Willamette River, the Cowlitz River, and Fall Creek decreased water temperatures during summer and increased water temperatures during fall and winter. These thermal changes undoubtedly i...

Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) exhibit extreme differences in coloration of skin, eggs and flesh due to genetic polymorphisms affecting carotenoid deposition, where colour can range from white to bright red. A sympatric population of red and white Chinook salmon occurs in the Quesnel River, British Columbia, where frequencies of each phenotype are relatively equal. In our study, we e...

Diversion of freshwater can cause significant changes in hydrologic dynamics and this can have negative consequences for fish populations. Additionally, fishes can be directly entrained into diversion infrastructure (e.g. canals, reservoirs, pumps) where they may become lost to the population. However, the effect of diversion losses on fish population dynamics remains unclear. We used 15 years ...

1 Unit of Physiology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain 2Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA 3 Center of Biomedical Engineering, University Camilo Castelo Branco, 12247-004 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil 4Department of Molecular and Biochemical Pharmacology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, ...

Mixed-up DNA I nterphase human chromosomes show signifi cant intermingling, say Miguel Branco and Ana Pombo (MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, London, UK). The idea is a counter to the most extreme view of chromosome territories. Territories were so named based on microscopists’ early observations: that individual chromosomes did not spread out over an entire nucleus. DNA labeling also indicated th...

In August 1992, the World Checkers Champion, Dr. Marion Tinsley, defended his title against the computer program Chinook. The best-of-40-game match was won by Tinsley with 4 wins to the program's 2. This was the first time in history that a program played for a human World Championship. Chinook, with its deep search and endgame databases, has established itself as a Grandmaster checker player. ...