The tests were carried out with the spark timing adjusted to the maximum brake torquetiming in various equivalence ratios and engine speeds for gasoline and natural gas operations. In thiswork, the lower heating value of gasoline is about 13.6% higher than that of natural gas. Based on theexperimental results, the natural gas operation causes an increase of about 6.2% brake special fuelconsumpt...

Brake beam is one of the important components working in railway vehicles braking process, which directly affects the security and stability of the high-speed running railway vehicles. Through the research of the cutting and welding technology for the 209T straight plate type brake beam, this paper presents an advanced maintenance method, and designs an automatic cutting and welding machine for...

This study offers comprehensive details on the use of bio-fuel as a viable and alternative source of energy. The bio-fuel was prepared from vegetable oil, i.e., mustard oil and tested in a diesel engine in both pure form and as a diesel blend. The mustard oil blend proportions were 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% and named as bio-diesel blends B20, B30, B40 and B50. A fuel-testing laboratory determined t...

This paper describes an approach of how to estimate the vehicle velocity using additional sensors provided by the brake-by-wire actuators. The advantage of brake-by-wire actuators such as the electro-hydraulic (EHB) and the electro-mechanical brake (EMB) is that the caliper pressure or the clamping force, respectively, are known. Wheel speed, vehicle acceleration, and caliper pressure or clampi...

Braking to avoid a collision can be controlled by keeping the deceleration required to stop (i.e., ideal deceleration) in the "safe" region below maximum deceleration, but maximum deceleration is not optically specified and can vary as conditions change. When brake strength was manipulated between participants using a simulated braking task, the ratio of ideal to maximum deceleration at brake o...

A wheel slip controller for Anti-lock Brake Systems (ABS) is designed using LQ-optimal control. The controller gain matrices are gain scheduled on the vehicle speed. A parameter dependent Lyapunov function for the nominal linear parameter varying (LPV) closed loop system is found by solving a linear matrix inequality (LMI) problem. This Lyapunov function is used to investigate robustness with r...

This paper presents a new design of multi-disks Magnetorheological braking system (MR brake) for automotive application considering the magnetic saturation in both electromagnetic core and MR fluid. A one dimensional analytical model is developed to calculate the braking torque of the proposed system. The geometry of the system, which is created in of elements near the AutoCAD®, is discretized ...

This paper presents numerical studies of friction-induced instabilities of brake systems using complex mode analysis. The complex eigenvalue extraction is performed at a deformed configuration; thus, nonlinear effects are taken into account in the modal analysis. An example case is used to illustrate the importance of friction-induced damping and nonlinear effects in brake squeal analysis. It i...

In this paper we present an attack to the BLOKE and BRAKE hash functions, which are weakened versions of the SHA-3 candidate BLAKE. In difference to BLAKE, the BLOKE hash function does not permute the message words and constants in the round computation of the compression function, and BRAKE additionally removes feedforward and zeroes the constants used in each round of the compression function...

The downstream effector of PI3K, Akt, is frequently hyperactivated in human cancers. A critical downstream effector of Akt, which contributes to tumorigenesis, is mTOR. In the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, Akt is flanked by two tumor suppressors: PTEN, acting as a brake upstream of Akt, and TSC1/TSC2 heterodimer, acting as a brake downstream of Akt and upstream of mTOR. In the absence of the TSC1/TSC2...