Recent in vivo diffusion brain imaging studies of schizophrenic patients have revealed microstructural abnormalities, with low diffusion anisotropy present throughout much of cortical white matter. Brain anisotropy is produced when proton movement reflects physically restricted water movement, for example, by myelin sheaths. Conditions that increase self-diffusion, such as edema, may also alter...

Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric illness that can be accompanied by positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and cognitive dysfunctions in most cognitive domains. Neuroimaging studies have focused on understanding the relationship between schizophrenia and brain abnormalities. Most of these have focused on the well-documented gray matter abnormalities. However, emphasis has recently been plac...

The behavior economics play a prominent role for human decision making. Human behavior on the other hand depends on functioning of the brain behavior. So behavior economics is a factor for decision making. By using behavioral discipline, economists’ can understand how people make decisions as individuals and for policymakers as a whole. Gray matter represents information processing centers in t...

background: carbon monoxide (co) poisoning may lead to hypoxic/anoxic injury and eventually ischemic encephalopathy. magnetic resonance imaging (mri) has a well-recognized role in assessment of the severity of brain damage caused by co poisoning. in this study, we aimed to present and analyze the structural abnormalities in the brain mri and especially in diffusion weighted mri (dwi) images in ...

BACKGROUND Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) represents a multisystemic disorder in which diffuse brain white and gray matter alterations related to clinical and genetic features have been described. We aimed to evaluate in the brain of adult patients with DM1 (i) white and gray matter differences, including cortical-subcortical gray matter volume and cortical thickness and (ii) their correlation...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE MR imaging is increasingly used to assess maturation and disease in the preterm brain. Knowledge of the changes in T2 values with increasing postmenstrual age (PMA) will aid image interpretation and help in the objective assessment of maturation and disease of the brain in infants. The aim of this study was to obtain T2 values in the preterm brain from 25 weeks' gestation...

Using magnetic resonance imaging and digitized brain computed tomography, we evaluated 33 elderly patients with documented lacunar stroke and divided them into three groups (nondemented, n = 15; borderline, n = 9; and demented, n = 9) by neuropsychological assessments and DSM III criteria. We evaluated the extent of white matter lesions and the degree of atrophy of specific anatomic structures,...

Several studies have described brain white matter abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children and adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), while the brain MRI findings of newborn infants with CAH have not been clarified. We report a newborn boy with CAH who presented brain white matter abnormality on MRI. He was diagnosed as having salt-wasting CAH with a high 17-OHP ...

PURPOSE To study MR changes in the white matter of the brain in patients with breast cancer treated with a widely used protocol of high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow support. METHODS Thirteen patients with high-risk stage II or stage IV breast cancer treated with high-dose cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, carmustine, and bone marrow support underwent posttransplant MR examination o...

Cortical development and white matter myelination are hallmark processes of infant and child neurodevelopment, and play a central role in the evolution of cognitive and behavioral functioning. Non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to independently track these microstructural and morphological changes in vivo, however few studies have investigated the relationship between t...