Immunocytochemical analyses revealed the presence and distribution of apolipoprotein E (apo E) in normal human brain tissue as well as in 77 human intracranial neoplasms. In normal brain tissues, the perikarya of astrocytes exhibited a strong positive reaction, whereas the Bergmann glia were stained to a moderate degree. However, no immunoreactivity was observed with neurons, oligodendrocytes, ...

BACKGROUND Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are rare neoplasms that originate from neuroendocrine cells and are characterized by the potential of hormonal activity. Approximately 70% of these tumours are located in the gastrointestinal system (GI), followed by the bronchi, endocrine glands-like C cells of the thyroid (medullary carcinoma), the parasympathetic and sympathetic system (paraganglioma...

Phenylacetate, a deaminated metabolite of phenylalanine, has been implicated in damage to immature brain in phenylketonuria. Because primary brain tumors are highly reminiscent of the immature central nervous system, these neoplasms should be equally vulnerable. We show here that sodium phenylacetate can induce cytostasis and reversal of malignant properties of cultured human glioblastoma cells...

Perivascular spaces (PVSs) of the brain, also known as Virchow-Robin spaces are pial-lined interstitial fluidfilled structures that surround the small vessels as they extend into the brain parenchyma. PVSs, which are smaller than 2 mm can be seen in all age groups.1,2 Occasionally, PVSs may become large, cause mass effect and be misdiagnosed as a cystic neoplasm. These giant spaces are most com...

Based on exclusion criteria in the landmark NINDS-rtPA trial, current expert consensus guidelines preclude the use of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV rtPA) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with intracranial neoplasm. There are only 3 published cases of administration of IV rtPA to AIS patients with intracranial neoplasms in the literature. Two of these published ...

One hundred patients affected by multifocal brain lesions were investigated by serial stereotactic biopsy. Systemic diseases and primary neoplasms elsewhere were previously ruled out. The histological diagnosis obtained in this series comprises malignant gliomas in 37% of patients; primary non-Hodgkin's brain lymphoma in 15%; metastatic brain tumours in 15% (no evidence of the primary tumour at...

Various radioisotopes have been used with some success to establish the presence and position of brain tumors. These have included phosphorous 32 (1); iodine 131; iodine 131 diiodofluorescein (2); iodine 131 serum proteins (3,4), and iodine 131 antiserum (5); potassium 42 (6); arsenic 72 and 74 (7,8); and copper 64 (9). In 1960, Blau and Bender reported that radiomercury labeled Neohydrin (chlo...

Abstract Background Meningiomas are common primary brain neoplasms. CD44 is a cell surface glycoprotein receptor that involved in matrix-mediated signaling and cell–matrix adhesion. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays important role angiogenesis tumor invasion. The expression of protein membranous cytoplasmic (CD44M CD44C) has been reported several tumors (such as lobular carcinoma, renal ...

Neurovascular Disorders Neurovascular disorders encompass those conditions that result in cerebrospinal ischemia, infarction, and hemorrhage. Various vascular and parenchymatous changes have been reported in dogs and cats in association with vascular anomalies (e.g., aneurysms, telangiectatic hamartomas), cerebral arteriosclerosis, mineral and pigment deposition, malacias and necrosis, cerebral...

VHL patients develop tumors in brain, spinal cord, nerve roots, kidney, adrenal gland and extra-adrenal ganglia, pancreas, epididymis and broad ligament. VHL disease produces highly characteristic neuropathologic changes which are presented in this review. Highly vascularized tumors, hemangioblastomas, involve cerebellum and spinal cord of the majority of patients. A smaller number of patients ...