background: the goal of this study was to determine the reliability of tcd in evaluation of vertebrobasilar arteries in comparison with brain mra in patients suffering from acute vertebrobasilar stroke. methods: samples were patients with definite clinical diagnosis of vertebrobasilar stroke. for all patients brain mri, mra and tcd were performed during the first 48 hours of admission. basilar ...

Human culture has evolved through a series of major tipping points in information storage and communication. The first was the appearance of language, which enabled communication between brains and allowed humans to specialize in what they do and to participate in complex mating games. The second was information storage outside the brain, most obviously expressed in the "Upper Paleolithic Revol...

introduction: the septal region is part of the telencephalon and is a component of the limbic system. the lateral septal area (ls); largest nuclear mass in this region, plays a pivotal role in various physiological processes, such as aggression, emotion, thermoregulation, water and food intake and sexual behaviour. to support the functional analysis of this brain area in the rat, the sources of...

Outbreaks causing mass mortalities have been observed in the golden grey mullet (Liza auratus) population in southern coastal area of the Caspian Sea since 2002. The clinical signs include neurological abnormalities, such as erratic swimming behavior, spiral swimming, belly-up at rest and over inflation of the swim bladder. Three hundred and twelve samples of moribund fish with sizes that range...

The present study addressed the question of whether count and mass nouns are differentially processed in the brain. In two different ERP (Event-Related Potentials) tasks we explored the semantic and syntactic levels of such distinction. Mass and count nouns typically differ in concreteness, hence the effect of this important variable was factorially examined in each task. Thus the stimuli prese...

INTRODUCTION The differentiation of metastatic and primary brain tumors with certainty is important since clinical management and treatment of these two types of tumors are radically different. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of peritumoral edema volume, tumor volume and mass effect of tumor on differential diagnosis of metastatic and primary brain tumors. Also we ha...

<span lang="EN-US">Brain is the most important part of nervous system. Brain tumor mainly a mass or growth abnormal tissues in brain. Early detection brain can reduce complex treatment process. Magnetic resonance images (MRI) are used to detect tumor. In this paper, we have introduced deep convolutional neural network (CNN) automatic segmentation using MRI medical which solve vanishing gr...

Understanding the life history correlates of ontogenetic differences in hominoid brain growth requires information from multiple species. At present, however, data on how brain size changes over the course of development are only available from chimpanzees and modern humans. In this study, we examined brain growth in wild Virunga mountain gorillas using data derived from necropsy reports (N = 3...

9 Large brains are metabolically expensive but support skills (or cognitive abilities, knowledge, 10 information, etc.) that allow overcoming ecological and social challenges, with social challenges 11 being thought to strongly promote large-brain evolution by causing evolutionary arms races in 12 cognition yielding exaggerated brain sizes. We formulate a mathematical model that yields quan13 t...