Sexual function and orientation is a complex platform of human personality which is being modulated by several brain circuities which is less understood currently. Recently, several studies have demonstrated interesting results regarding the role of several brain locations in sexual behaviors and orientation. Sexual arousal in homosexual men are associated with activation of the left angular gy...

restraint-induced stress (rs) increases histamine concentration in the brain. there is no previous report regarding the role of histamine receptors in immunomodulatory effect of rs. in the present study the role of brain histamine receptors on reduction of humoral and cellular immune function induced by rs was evaluated. for this purpose male wistar rats (200-250 g) were immunized with sheep re...

Introduction: Psychotropic drugs exert their effects, in part, by increasing neurotrophin levels in the brain. Nerve growth factor (NGF) protein levels after treatment with only a limited number of psychotropics have been determined. The present study was designed in order to evaluate the effects of acute and chronic administration of different psychotropic drugs on NGF protein levels in fiv...

Background: Probiotics are microorganisms that may influence brain function via altering brain neurochemistry. New research evidence suggests that probiotic bacteria might protect tissue damage through diminishing the production of free radicals and/or inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of probiotic bacteria on the prevention or reduction of brain...

Do neuronal oscillations play a causal role in brain function? In a study in this issue of PLOS Biology, Helfrich and colleagues address this long-standing question by attempting to drive brain oscillations using transcranial electrical current stimulation. Remarkably, they were able to manipulate visual perception by forcing brain oscillations of the left and right visual hemispheres into sync...

Background and Aim: Brain mapping is a study of the anatomy and function of the CNS (central nervous system). Brain mapping has many techniques and these techniques are permanently changing and updating. From the beginning, brain mapping was invasive and for brain mapping, electrical stimulation of the exposed brain was needed. However, nowadays brain mapping does not require electrical stimula...