duced in the early 1970s, used conventional labial brackets that were modified by the clinician and bonded directly to the lingual surfaces. Brackets designed specifically for lingual usage1-4 were initially prone to technical problems that made them difficult to use in everyday practice. The development of indirect bonding permitted more precise lingual bracket positioning and reduced the chai...

introduction: any decrease in friction between orthodontic wire and bracket can accelerate tooth movement in the sliding technique and result in better control of anchorage. the present study was carried out to decrease this friction by coating of zinc oxide nanoparticles (zno) on orthodontic wires and porcelain brackets. materials and methods: in this in vitro study, a combination of 120 0.019...

introduction a large number of orthodontists prefer to rebond the failed bonded brackets or use recycled brackets in some instances. the aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of rebonding with using recycled brackets on enamel surface. methods bonding of brackets on the surface of extracted first bicuspids was tested in five different groups to compare their shear bond streng...

Let A be one of the following commutative associative algebras: the algebra of all smooth functions on the plane: A = C(R), or the algebra of polynomials A = C[p, q] over R or C. There exists a non-trivial formal associative deformation of A called the Moyal ⋆-product (or the standard ⋆-product). It is defined as an associative operation A → A[[h̄]] where h̄ is a formal variable. The explicit for...

We introduce diagrams and Reidemeister moves for links in F ×S, where F is an orientable surface. Using these diagrams we compute (in a new way) the Kauffman Bracket Skein Modules (KBSM ) for D × S and A× S, where D is a disk and A is an annulus. Moreover, we also find the KBSM for the F0,3 × S , where F0,3 denotes a disk with two holes, and thus show that the module is free.

The placement of orthodontic appliances influences plaque growth and maturation. Significant differences in biofilm formation periodontal reaction between different bracket types bonded teeth compared with control have been reported, however, reported significant attachment loss during treatment. In patients a history periodontitis resulting displaced teeth, possible tooth movements include cha...

In any 2-category C with zeros (for example the topological 2-category T op∗ of based spaces, based maps and track classes of homotopies) box bracket operations have been defined and studied by Hardie-Marcum-Oda [4]. These are secondary homotopy operations and if (as we will suppose) C admits a suspension functor Σ (see [3]) they take values in morphism groups HC(ΣW,X), here denoted π(ΣW,X), of...

Background. Any decrease in friction between orthodontic wire and bracket can accelerate tooth movement in the sliding technique and result in better control of anchorage. This study was carried out to evaluate frictional forces by coating orthodontic wires and porcelain brackets with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO). Methods . In this in vitro study, we evaluated a combination of 120 samples of ...

Non-local hydrogen bonding interactions between main chain amide hydrogen atoms and polar side chain acceptors that bracket consecutive betaalpha or alphabeta elements of secondary structure in alphaTS from E. coli, a TIM barrel protein, have previously been found to contribute 4-6 kcal mol(-1) to the stability of the native conformation. Experimental analysis of similar betaalpha-hairpin clamp...

A clinical trial was carried out to evaluate and compare the clinical performance of a visible light-cured material with a chemically cured adhesive. This was used in combination with two types of bracket base. Fifty-two patients entered the trial and 542 bracket bases were placed. The incidence and site of bond failure were recorded. The overall failure rate for the light-cured material in com...