While online learning environments are increasingly common, relatively little is known about issues of equity in these settings. We test for the presence of race and gender biases among postsecondary students and instructors in online classes by measuring student and instructor responses to discussion comments we posted in the discussion forums of 124 different online courses. Each comment was ...

Deep neural networks, although shown to be a successful class of machine learning algorithms, are known to be extremely unstable to adversarial perturbations. Improving the robustness of neural networks against these attacks is important, especially for security-critical applications. To defend against such attacks, we propose dividing the input image into multiple patches, denoising each patch...

Problem statement: Developing software using graphical interfaces has grown rapidly in recent years. Products developed by, using GUI have to be tested for the reliability and quality of the software. The objective of software testing is to reveal all the errors in the desired software with minimum cost. GUI application comprises of several controls for user interaction and each control has sev...

The evolution of complex distributed software systems often requires intricate composition operations in order to adapt or add functionalities, react to unanticipated changes to security policies, or do performance improvements, which cannot be modularized in terms of existing services or components. They often need controlled access to selected parts of the implementation, e.g., to manage exce...

The origin of the study described here is the experiment performed by Basili and Selby, further replicated by Kamsties and Lott, and once again by Wood et al. These experiments investigated the effectiveness and efficiency of different code evaluation techniques (functional and structural testing and code reading). The working hypotheses are the same in all three experiments, although some expe...

A methodology that combines verification and conformance testing for validating safety requirements of reactive systems is presented. The requirements are first automatically verified on the system’s specification. Then, test cases are automatically derived from the specification and the requirements, and executed on a black-box implementation of the system. The test cases attempt to push the i...

This paper presents the Talking Guitar, an electric guitar augmented with a system which tracks the position of the headstock in real time and uses that data to control the parameters of a formant-filtering effect which impresses upon the guitar sound a sense of speech. A user study is conducted with the device to establish an indication of the practicality of using headstock tracking to contro...

Automated white-box testing is a major issue in software engineering. Over the years, several tools have been proposed for supporting distinct parts of the testing process. Yet, these tools are mostly separated and most of them support only a fixed and restricted subset of testing criteria. We describe in this paper FRAMA-C/LTEST, a generic and integrated toolkit for automated white-box testing...

A new approach for testing fuzzy hypotheses based on fuzzy data is introduced. According to the proposed approach, a method is first developed based on the defined fuzzy point estimation, which are then used to make a procedure for testing fuzzy hypotheses. This approach has been used to test simple, one-sided and two-sided fuzzy hypotheses. Two new criteria, called degree of acceptance (DA) an...

The paper addresses a scalable objective echo assessment method to evaluate echo disturbances in telecommunication scenarios. In the first section the perceptual based echo analysis method is presented. It is designed for the aurally-adequate evaluation of residual single talk echoes in narrowband as well as in wideband transmission scenarios. The core of the model consists of the Relative Appr...