Semi-analytic models are a powerful tool for studying the formation of galaxies. However, these models inevitably involve a significant number of poorly constrained parameters that must be adjusted to provide an acceptable match to the observed Universe. In this paper, we set out to quantify the degree to which observational data sets can constrain the model parameters. By revealing degeneracie...

50 m 50 m This paper reports the occurrence of xenomas in the mangrove oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae (Guilding, 1828) gills. Xenomas are formed when intracellular parasites accumulate within host cells, causing hypertrophy of the cell and its nucleus. In fish, the xenomas are commonly caused by microsporidians (Matos et al., 2003), but in the oyster Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin) they are caus...

Catching the Wave, Joseph Bower and Clayton Christensen observe that, for a technology to be disruptive, it must climb a steep performance trajectory for attributes already valued by customers (1). The disruptive technology, in a short period of time, outperforms its predecessors – enabling profound advancements in science and industry. The term disruptive may well describe integrated fluidic c...

It has been demonstrated that electrical stimulation of certain brain structures in the cat (Delgado, Roberts, & Miller, 1954) and rat (Bower & Miller, 1959) produces an aversive effect; that is, the animal will perform an escape response which turns off stimulation to these sites. The present study reports the effects on escape behavior of rats of variations in certain parameters of brain stim...

We present the numbers of isotopy classes and main classes of Latin squares, and the numbers of isomorphism classes of quasigroups and loops, up to order 10. The best previous results were for Latin squares of order 8 (Kolesova, Lam and Thiel, 1990), quasigroups of order 6 (Bower, 2000) and loops of order 7 (Brant and Mullen, 1985). The loops of order 8 have been independently found by “QSCGZ” ...