PURPOSE We evaluated whether patients with overactive bladder and incontinence who discontinued intravesical botulinum toxin therapy can be successfully treated with sacral neuromodulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS All patients who were referred to our center after discontinuation of botulinum toxin-A between 2005 and 2010 were included in this observational study. All patients underwent test st...

UNLABELLED Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) may have an intrinsic muscle spasm component. AIM Since botulinum toxin has been successfully used to reduce hypertonicity in several neurological disorders, we analyzed the efficacy of botulinum toxin A or B in reducing pain in MPS. METHODS We performed a systematic review through an electronic search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library Plus. ...

The intracellular action on exocytosis of botulinum A toxin and constituent chains was studied using permeabilized isolated nerve endings from the rat neural lobe. The release of the neuropeptide vasopressin was measured by radioimmunoassay. In the presence of the reducing agent dithiothreitol, the two-chain form of botulinum A toxin inhibited vasopressin release induced by 10 microM free calci...

Introduction and aim of the study: Botulinum toxin, produced by anaerobic bacteria Clostridium botulinum family, is one most potent organic compounds known to man. Despite its toxicity, it has found widespread use in medicine. From applications aesthetic medicine, through treatment various disease entities, toxin become an extremely valuable tool hands doctors. The this study review latest rese...

There is an increasing demand for minimally-invasive cosmetic procedures to arrest the aging process. Botulinum toxin type A injections are the most commonly used nonsurgical cosmetic procedures in the United States. There has been research spanning over two decades dedicated to safety, efficacy, dosing, and complications of botulinum toxin type A. There are now two Food and Drug Administration...

Changes in the ecology of macrofungi are poorly understood, not only because much of their life cycle is hidden belowground, but also because experiments often miss real-world complexity and most fruitbody inventories are limited in space and time. The National Poisons Information Centre 'Tox Info Suisse' provides countrywide 24hours/7days medical advice in case of poisonings since 1966. Here, ...

Masseter muscle hypertrophy is a rare condition of unknown cause which is important in the differential diagnosis of head and neck masses, located in the cheek. Several treatment options reported for masseter hypertrophy, which range from simple pharmacotherapy to more invasive surgical reduction. Botulinum toxin type A is a powerful neurotoxin which is produced by the anaerobic organism Clostr...

J Rehabil Med Suppl 41, 2003 DOI 10.1080/16501960310010151 Botulinum toxin is a potent neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. There are seven serotypes, all of which block the release of acetylcholine from nerve endings, which gives the compound its theoretical base for reducing spasticity. Initial studies of the use of botulinum toxin in the management of spasticity were p...

One strain of Clostridium botulinum belonging to type F has been isolated from a soil sample taken in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Comparative studies carried out with strain Langeland of C. botulinum type F have shown a few differences between the two strains.

PURPOSE To examine force generation and duration of effect of botulinum toxin pretreatment, followed by injection of ricin-mAb35 in extraocular muscle. METHODS In normal adult rabbits, one superior rectus muscle was injected with either 5 units botulinum toxin or 1/50 maximally tolerated dose for rats (rMTD) of ricin-mAb35. Additional rabbits were first injected with 5 units botulinum toxin, ...