in this paper a laboratory study has been carried out on the effect of changing the type of soil filling cylindrical reinforcing elements from sm to gm on behavior of sandy soil. in this study the primary tests for evaluation of the impact of reinforced sand and gravel columns with diameters of 5 cm and heights of 15 cm subjected to vertical stresses of 50, 100, and 150 kpa were carried out in ...

Once plaques intrude into the lumen, the shear stress they are exposed to alters with hitherto unknown consequences for plaque composition. We investigated the relationship between shear stress and strain, a marker for plaque composition, in human coronary arteries. We imaged 31 plaques in coronary arteries with angiography and intravascular ultrasound. Computational fluid dynamics was used to ...

Endothelial cells (ECs) sense shear stress and transduce blood flow information into functional responses that play important roles in vascular homeostasis and pathophysiology. A unique feature of shear-stress-sensing is the involvement of many different types of membrane-bound molecules, including receptors, ion channels and adhesion proteins, but the mechanisms remain unknown. Because cell me...

In this paper, an elastic constitutive model based on the Eulerian corotational rate of the logarithmic strain tensor is proposed. Using this model, the large deformation of a closed cycle containing tension, shear, compression and inverse shear is analyzed. Since the deformation path includes a closed cycle and the material is considered as an isotropic elastic material, the normal and shear c...

Hemodynamic shear stress regulates endothelial cell biochemical processes that govern cytoskeletal contractility, focal adhesion dynamics, and extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly. Since shear stress causes rapid strain focusing at discrete locations in the cytoskeleton, we hypothesized that shear stress coordinately alters structural dynamics in the cytoskeleton, focal adhesion sites, and ECM o...

The focal location of atherosclerosis in the vascular tree is correlated with local variations in shear stress. We developed a method to induce defined variations in shear stress in a straight vessel segment of a mouse. To this end, a cylinder with a tapered lumen was placed around the carotid artery, inducing a high shear stress field. Concomitantly, regions of low shear stress and oscillatory...

In this paper, an elastic constitutive model based on the Eulerian corotational rate of the logarithmic strain tensor is proposed. Using this model, the large deformation of a closed cycle containing tension, shear, compression and inverse shear is analyzed. Since the deformation path includes a closed cycle and the material is considered as an isotropic elastic material, the normal and shear c...

Hemodynamic shear stress from blood flow on the endothelium critically regulates vascular function in many physiological and pathological situations. Endothelial cells adapt to shear stress by remodeling their cytoskeletal components and subsequently by changing their shape and orientation. We demonstrate that β1 integrin activation is critically controlled during the mechanoresponse of endothe...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Little attention has been focused on the role of fluid-induced wall shear stress in fully developed cerebral aneurysms. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the alternation and distribution of wall shear stress over 1 cardiac cycle in patients' aneurysms. METHODS A middle cerebral artery aneurysm and a basilar tip aneurysm with localized outpouching (blebs) in their...