While numerous extensions of Cardelli and Wegner's calculus of polymorphism and subtyping, Kernel Fun, have been studied during the past decade, one quite simple one has received little attention: the addition of a minimal type Bot, dual to the familiar maximal type Top. We develop basic meta-theory for this extension. Although most of the usual properties of Kernel Fun (existence of meets and ...

The production rate of bottom quarks at hadron colliders exceeds the expectations of next-to-leading order perturbative quantum chromodynamics. An additional contribution from pair-production of light gluinos, of mass 12 to 16 GeV, with two-body decays into bottom quarks and light bottom squarks, yields a differential cross section for bottom quarks in better agreement with data. The masses of ...

The reflectance of the bottom is of importance when interpreting optical data in shallow water. Closure studies of radiative transfer, interpretation of laser line scanner data, lidar, and remote sensing in shallow waters require understanding of the bottom reflectance. In the Coastal Benthic Optical Properties experiment (CoBOP), extensive measurements of the material reflectance (reflectance ...

This paper presents the concept of the disjunctive bottom set and discusses its computation. The disjunctive bottom set differs from existing extensions of the bottom set, such as kernel sets(Ray, Broda, & Russo 2003), by being the weakest minimal single hypothesis for the whole hypothesis space. The disjunctive bottom set may be characterized in terms of minimal models. Therefore, as minimal m...

Australia does not have varroa mite. However, we investigated whether modified hive bottom boards used for varroa mite management in honey bee colonies had other benefits, for honey production. We compared a number of colony parameters between hives fitted with tube, mesh and conventional (solid) bottom boards in two locations in eastern Australian, Richmond NSW and Castlemaine Victoria. Coloni...

A bottom tangle is a tangle in a cube consisting only of arc components, each of which has the two endpoints on the bottom line of the cube, placed next to each other. We introduce a subcategory B of the category of framed, oriented tangles, which acts on the set of bottom tangles. We give a finite set of generators of B , which provides an especially convenient way to generate all the bottom t...

evolved to promote and integrate virus production with VS formation. In addition to initiating signal transduc-tion in the infected cell, adhesion molecule engagement at the VS ostensibly activates the uninfected target cell. Activation would ensure expression of virus receptors by the uninfected cell and promote virus replication once the virus has entered its new target. The identity of the H...

Memoization, such as that performed by bottom-up evaluation, helps detect loops, avoid repeated computation when subgoals are generated repeatedly, and in conjunction with a fair search strategy, ensures that evaluation is complete. Programs that generate non-ground facts (i.e., facts containing universally quantiied variables) and also need memoization are important in several contexts. Curren...