There is a growing consensus that the benefits of information technology (IT) can not be realised fully by merely automating existing business processes. Consequently, major process changes enabled by IT, including business process re-engineering efforts, have been popular in North America and are now being introduced all over the world. Differences between nations and societies make it critica...

The wetting behavior of poorly conducting fluids between two parallel conducting plates is studied, both, theoretically and experimentally. In the absence of an applied potential, the interface shape and height are determined by gravity and parameterized using the Bond number. In the presence of an electric field at sufficiently high values on the order of (1 kV/mm), there is modification of th...

The atomic-scale interactions of H atoms with hydrogenated amorphous carbon a-C:H films were identified using molecular dynamics MD simulations and experiments based on surface characterization tools. Realistic a-C:H films developed using MD simulations were impinged with H atoms with a kinetic energy corresponding to a temperature of 700 K. The specific chemical reactions of the H atoms with t...

background: the aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of four one-step self-etch adhesives with different ph values to enamel and dentin. materials and methods: in this in vitro study, 200 bovine permanent mandibular incisors were used. four one-step self-etch adhesives with different ph values were tested both on enamel and on dentin: adper™ easy bond self-etch adhesive (ph ...

statement of problem: the bond strength between restorative material and tooth structure is so important for conduction of durable restoration. considering the recent attention to low shrinkage composite resins, evaluation of micro tensile bond strength of these materials would be valuable. objectives: to compare the microtensile bond strength of silorane composite resin (filtek p90) with the c...

The interaction of water and oxygen with a polycrystalline diamond film was investigated using XANES ( X-ray absorption near edge structure) spectroscopy. A novel reactor design allowed to access pressure ranges up to 4.0 mbar and simultaneous recording of the gas phase and sample spectra at the C-K and O-K edges, respectively. The diamond surface is inert with respect to the interaction with w...

The free energy of a (1×1)-surface, with no relaxation and no adsorption, is calculated using a bond-breaking mode in which the potential energy of the crystal is treated as the sum of the energy of the bonds connecting pair-wise atoms. Based on a purely geometrical model, the number of broken bonds or dangling bonds per atom is calculated on the surface of the crystal when an atomically flat p...