Despite the increasing integration of capital markets, geography has not yet become irrelevant to finance. Between 1986 and 1997, European public companies have increasingly listed abroad, especially in the U.S. We relate the cross-listing decisions to the characteristics of the destination exchanges (and countries) relative to those of the home exchange (and country). European companies appear...

We demonstrate empirically how recent proposals to modify the penny-based system of stock trading may have simultaneous and opposite effects on the incidence of high frequency trading (HFT) and the trading of undisplayed (or “dark”) liquidity. We do so by exploiting the fact that the existing ban on sub-penny quotations (Rule 612 of Regulation NMS) only applies to equity orders (bids or asks) p...