In the original setting of Aharonov-Bohm, gauge invariant physical longitudinal mode vector potential, which is written by current $(-e)\bar{\psi}{\boldsymbol \gamma} \psi$, gives desired contribution to Aharonov-Bohm effect. While scalar changes under transformation so that it unphysical mode, give no Then effect really occurs in Aharonov-Bohm's setting. Tonomura {\it et al.}, where magnet shi...

The Darwin-Breit Hamiltonian is applied to the Aharonov-Bohm experiment. In agreement with the standard Maxwell-Lorentz theory, the force acting on electrons from infinite solenoids or ferromagnetic rods vanishes. However, the interaction energies and phase factors of the electron wave packets are non-zero. This allows us to explain the Aharonov-Bohm effect without involvement of electromagneti...

Properties of Type-II ZnTe/ZnSe Submonolayer Quantum Dots Studied via Excitonic Aharonov-Bohm Effect and Polarized Optical Spectroscopy

The Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect in non-commutative quantum mechanics (NCQM) is studied. First, by introducing a shift for the magnetic vector potential we give the Schrödinger equations in the presence of a magnetic field on NC space and NC phase space, respectively. Then by solving the Schrödinger equations, we obtain the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) phase on NC space and NC phase space, respectively. PAC...

The Aharonov-Bohm effect in a small array of antidots with a large aspect ratio is investigated in the quantum Hall regime. The evolution with temperature of the Aharonov-Bohm oscillations in the magnetic field versus gate voltage (B-V_{g}) plane reveals the temperature dependence of the screening. The self-consistently screened potential of the compressible band surrounding an antidot is obser...

The two main features of the Aharonov-Bohm effect are the topological dependence of accumulated phase on the winding number around the magnetic fluxon, and nonlocality-local observations at any intermediate point along the trajectories are not affected by the fluxon. The latter property is usually regarded as exclusive to quantum mechanics. Here we show that both the topological and nonlocal fe...

In a Ramsey atom interferometer excited by two electromagnetic fields, if atoms are under a time-varying scalar potential during the interrogation time, the phase of the Ramsey fringes shifts owing to the scalar Aharonov–Bohm effect. The phase shift was precisely examined using a Ramsey atom interferometer with a two-photon Raman transition under the second-order Zeeman potential, and a formula...

The nonlocal and topological nature of the molecular AharonovBohm (MAB) effect is examined for real electronic Hamiltonians. A notion of preferred gauge for MAB is suggested. The MAB effect in the linear + quadratic E ⊗ ε Jahn-Teller system is shown to be essentially analogues to an anisotropic Aharonov-Casher effect for an electrically neutral spin− 2 particle encircling a certain configuratio...

Spin Hall effect in a nonlocal spin-injection device is theoretically studied. Using a nonlocal spin-injection technique, a pure spin current is created in a nonmagnetic metal (N). The spin current flowing in N is deflected by spin-orbit scattering to induce the Hall current in the transverse direction and accumulate charge at the edges of N, yielding the spin-current induced Hall effect. We pr...

Starting from the Abelian Higgs field theory, we construct the theory of quantum Abrikosov–Nielsen–Olesen strings. It is shown that in four space – time dimensions in the limit of infinitely thin strings, the conformal anomaly is absent, and the quantum theory exists. We also study an analogue of the Aharonov–Bohm effect: the corresponding topological interaction is proportional to the linking ...