Human health and comfort under whole-body vibration depend on the level, frequency, direction, location, and duration of the acceleration. The international standard ISO 2631-1 [1] specifies a method of evaluation of the effect of exposure to vibration on humans by weighting the root-mean square (r.m.s.) acceleration with human vibration sensitivity curves. There are six frequency-weighting cur...

Forces due to propulsion should approximate forces due to hydrodynamic drag for animals horizontally swimming at a constant speed with negligible buoyancy forces. Propulsive forces should also correlate with energy expenditures associated with locomotion-an important cost of foraging. As such, biologging tags containing accelerometers are being used to generate proxies for animal energy expendi...

An ethogram is a catalogue of discrete behaviors typically employed by a species. Traditionally animal behavior has been recorded by observing study individuals directly. However, this approach is difficult, often impossible, in the case of behaviors which occur in remote areas and/or at great depth or altitude. The recent development of increasingly sophisticated, animal-borne data loggers, ha...

Running is a bouncing gait in which the body mass center slows and lowers during the first half of the stance phase; the mass center is then accelerated forward and upward into flight during the second half of the stance phase. Muscle-driven simulations can be analyzed to determine how muscle forces accelerate the body mass center. However, muscle-driven simulations of running at different spee...

During quadrupedal trotting, diagonal pairs of limbs are set down in unison and exert forces on the ground simultaneously. Ground-reaction forces on individual limbs of trotting dogs were measured separately using a series of four force platforms. Vertical and fore-aft impulses were determined for each limb from the force/time recordings. When mean fore-aft acceleration of the body was zero in ...

in this paper, chebyshev acceleration technique is used to solve the fuzzy linear system (fls). this method is discussed in details and followed by summary of some other acceleration techniques. moreover, we show that in some situations that the methods such as jacobi, gauss-sidel, sor and conjugate gradient is divergent, our proposed method is applicable and the acquired results are illustrate...

To determine normal values for Doppler parameters of left ventricular function, ascending aortic blood flow velocity was measured by pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography in 63 healthy children with body surface area (BSA) < 1 m(2) (age < 10 yr). Peak velocity was independent of sex, but increased with body size. Mean acceleration was related to peak velocity (r = 0.75, p < 0.0001). Both stroke ...

To assess high-level low frequency noise in the working environment, adverse extra-aural effects caused by the noise should be taken into account. The human body vibration induced by low frequency noise, 'noise-induced vibration', was measured on the body surface and the equal-acceleration level contours of the vibration were tentatively estimated. With these contours, we can predict the magnit...

More than 100 years ago, Einstein’s special relativity demonstrated that time is a relative notion. The observed rate of a moving clock differs from the rate of a stationary clock. In fact, the observed rate depends on the clock’s velocity. All admissible velocities are bounded by the speed of light. These predictions of special relativity have been verified experimentally in several different ...