Pension trustees make surrogate decisions on behalf of scheme members. However, prior research has not explored how this might affect pension adequacy. Our results show that when setting targets for replacement income, project their own preferences instead reflecting member preferences. Furthermore, projection was more pronounced with lower financial literacy. Trustees choose significantly high...

Abstract This study evaluated the translation quality of English equivalents of Persian proper nouns in the tourist signs and bilingual boards in Isfahan. To find different errors in the translations of the bilingual boards and tourist signs, the data were collected directly by taking picture or writing exactly from the available tourist signs and bilingual boards. Then, the errors were assesse...

It is shown how to use commutative encryption to share a secret. Suppose Alice wants to share a secret with Bob such that Bob cannot decrypt the secret unless a group of trustees agree. It is assumed that Alice, Bob and the trustees communicate over insecure channels. This paper presents a scheme that uses modular exponentiation and does not require key exchange. The security of the scheme rest...