Using field measurements and quantitative modeling, we demonstrate that red coloration of the sea surface is not associated with any particular group of phytoplankton and is strongly dependent on the physiology of the human visual system. Red or brown surface waters can be produced by high concentrations of most types of algae, colored dissolved organic matter, or suspended sediment. Even thoug...

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for the identiWcation and quantiWcation of microbes has become a common tool for the study of harmful algal blooms (HABs). We developed a qPCR method for the diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia. Several species of this genus form toxic blooms through the production of the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA). Outbreaks of toxicity attributed to DA along the US wes...

Blooms of toxic cyanobacteria became a common feature of temperate lakes and ponds owing to human induced eutrophication. Occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms in an urban context may pose serious health concerns. This necessitates the development of tools for assessment of the risk of noxious bloom occurrence. A five year study of 42 Brussels ponds showed that cyanobacteria have threshold rather...

Marine pelagic diazotrophic cyanobacteria of the genus Trichodesmium (Oscillatoriales) are widespread throughout the tropics and subtropics, and are particularly common in the waters of New Caledonia. Blooms of Trichodesmium are suspected to be a potential source of toxins in the ciguatera food chain and were previously reported to contain several types of paralyzing toxins. The toxicity of wat...

Short-lived blooms of large phytoplankton are the main vector in the atmosphere–ocean–sediment carbon flux and are associated with high fish production. A common assumption is that grazing zooplankton can only have a negative effect on the growth of these blooms. We have found that appendicularians, the most abundant microphagous metazoans, strongly stimulate the magnitude of experimentally ind...

Three enclosures (10 x 10 x 1.5-1.3 m in depth) were set beside Dianch Lake, Kunming, People's Republic of China, for the period from July 28 to August 26, 2002. The enclosures were filled with cyanobacterial (Microcystis aeruginosa) water bloom-containing lake water. Lake sediment that contained macrophytes and water chestnut seeds was spread over the entire bottom of each enclosure. Initially...

We evaluated the presence of cyanobacterial blooms in San Roque Reservoir (Córdoba, Argentina). Cyanobacterial blooms and water samples were collected over 4 years (1998-2002). We confirmed the presence of microcystin-LR and microcystin-RR in 97% of these blooms. The total amount of microcystin (MC) ranged between 5.8 and 2400.0 microg x g(-1) of freeze-dried bloom material. These values sugges...

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